:
Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 2012 Pages: 357-364
!"#
The study of psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale
Perceived Social Support
:
/ / :
/ /
Rajabi Gh. PhD ,
Hashemi-Sheykh-Shabani S.E. PhD
Abstract
:
)
( ! " # $% & $' *+, & -* .
: /"01 223 4*5 6 78 4 49 9 :
;9 / - <=> 49 9
?-+, @ *A / 4
/ > 7B
! " # $% & $' *+, &>C /D
E
. 8 F? G -:
AMOS-16 ;H,
< > .
: I $ - * - 8 &
<9 ! <
/ / J K ! -* . J$ L -
! - <9 $
MN / P , QN / P R J$ -* -" .
S T $% & $' *+, 5 <9 !
&>C
/ -* -"
-5 ! 4J UC .
; 5 ?D9 - V9 5# W
! $% & $'
*+, < / ) - -*5
4J UC ( /9 UC MY / QP A
V ! , -9 . Z$ 5 ! ;
, [
; / L [ / & \]A
L ; - /"'
& , .
! " : / /'*, ^_
! $% & $' *+,
4*, ! H ` 0 H, , JD
, 9 4 -9 -: .
#$ %& : $% & $' *+, X X X Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate
the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).
Method: A total of 119 personnel of the Utilities
Company of Khuzestan were selected using a random method of those who completed the MSPSS and a Mental Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with AMOS-16.
Results: The results showed a high internal consistency
for the whole scale and for three extracted factors. Item-total correlations were between 0.46 and 0.76, and all were significant. Divergent validity coefficients were significant for the whole scale and for the family and friends scales with mental health, but the other sub-scales were not significant. In the exploratory factor analysis (Promax rotation), three factors were extracted: Family, friends, and significant others accounted for 70.48percent of the variance. Based on several goodness-of-fit indicators, a three-factor model for the MSPSS was supported in this personnel sample.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the MSPSS can be
used as a reliable and valid instrument in educational, clinical, and research settings and, in particular, in prevention and stress reduction.
Keywords: Perceived Social Support, Psychometric
Properties, Reliability, Validity
،هروﺎﺸﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﻴﺪ ا ،زاﻮﻫا ،ناﺮﻤﭼ ﻳ
+,
________________________________
______________
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
دﺮﺠﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ]
24 [ ﺎﻤﺣ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ، ﻳ
ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ د ﻳ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ
رد ﻪﻧ و دﺮﺠﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ نﺎﺘﺳود و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖ ]
20 [ اﺮﺿ ، ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻲ
ﻔﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﻦ
ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﻴ سﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ ﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻴ سﺎ ﺎﻫ ي و باﺮﻄﺿا
ا ﮔدﺮﺴﻓ ﻲ ] 10 [ ﻘﻣ ، ﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ سﺎ ﻲﻳ ) 52 / 0 -=
r
( ] 17 [ ﻘﻣ ، ﻴ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ سﺎ
ﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲ ﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻲ ) 76 / 0 =
r
( ] 19 [ ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ و ﻴ
سﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ
نﺎﺘﺳود ) 80 / 0 =
r
( هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ، ) 80 / 0 =
r
( د و ﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ )
88 / 0 =
r
(
] 23 [ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
ﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻲ ﻪﻛ ﻳ ﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻚ ﻴ
ﻦ
ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ و ﻴ
سﺎ ﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ سﺎ
ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻴ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖ ﻲ
ﻮﻟرﺎﻣ - نوﺮﻛ
ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲ د ﻳ ﻤﻧ هﺪ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ] 22 [. ا رد
ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ اﺮﺑ ﻖ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ اور ﻲﻳ ﻘﻣ اﺮﮔاو ﻴ سﺎ
MSPSS
زا
ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﻧاور ﺖﺳاﺪﻬﺑ سﺎ ﻲ
25 هدﺎﻣ ا ي ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
اﺮﺑ ي
اﺮﺿ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻳ
اور ﺐ ﻲﻳ لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ 3
ﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﻴﺪ .
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ
ا رد ﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ 80
دﺮﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ) 23 / 67 ﺪﺻرد ( و 39 نز ﺮﻔﻧ ) 77 / 32
ﺪﺻرد ( ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ) ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻴ
رﺎ ( 10 / 38 ) 53 / 7 ( دﻮﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦ ﻴ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ رﺎ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
60 / 12 و
76 / 6 ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
لوﺪﺟ 1 ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ي
رﺎﻣآ ي اﺮﺿ و ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ﻞﻛ
هدﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻲ ﺪﻫد .
لوﺪﺟ 1 -ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي رﺎﻣآ ي اﺮﺿ و ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻲ
هدﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻫ ي ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ) 119 =
n
(
rtt
(رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا) ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻣﻴ ﺎﻫهدﺎﻣ
*
46
/0 1(/29)2 /39 .دﻮﺷﻲ ﻣ هﺪﻳد ﻢﻓاﺮﻃا رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﻲﺻﺎﺧ دﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ مراد زﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻛﻲﺘﻗو 1
*
72
/0 1(/12)3 /50 ﻢﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ وا ﺎﺑ ار ﻢﻳﺎﻫي دﺎﺷ و ﺎﻫﻲ ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛ دراد دﻮﺟوﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ 2
*
62
/0 0(/92)4 /23 .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲ ﻣﻲﻌﺳ ﺎﻌﻗاو ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ 3
*
68
/0 1(/07)3 /71 مروآﻲ ﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ار ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زاﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ﻚﻤﻛ 4
*
76
/0 1(/23)3 /76 .ﺖﺳا ﻦﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﺳآ وﻲﺘﺣارﻲﻌﻗاو ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ مراد ارﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻚﻳ 5
*
68
/0 0(/99)3 /47 ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲ ﻣﻲﻌﺳ ﺎﻌﻗاو ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳود 6
*
68
/0 1(/04)3 /27 ﻢﻨﻛ زﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳوديور ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ دورﻲ ﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ هﺎﺒﺘﺷا ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳﺎﻫرﺎﻛﻲﺘﻗو 7
*
70
/0 1(/17)3 /66 .ﻢﻨﻛﻲ ﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻢﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ هرﺎﺑ رد 8
*
73
/0 0(/97)3 /46 ﻢﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺎﺑ ار ﻢﻳﺎﻫﻲ ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ و ﺎﻫي دﺎﺷ ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛ مرادﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳود 9
*
68
/0 1(/16)3 /91 .ﺖﺳا سﺎﺴﺣ ﻢﻳﺎﻫسﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻣﻲﮔﺪﻧز ردﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ 10
*
66
/0 0(/94)4 /11 .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﻫﻢ ﻴﻤﺼﺗ رد ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻞﻳﺎﻣ ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ 11
*
59
/0 1(/04)3 /44 .ﻢﻨﻛ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳود ﺎﺑ ﻢﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ هرﺎﺑ رد ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ 12
91 / 42 ) 58 / 8(
ﻊﻤﺟ
88 /0
ﻞﻛ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآ
نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ 1
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ،دﻮﺷ ﻳ
ﻦ
ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ هدﺎﻣ رد ار ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي 3 ) 23 /4 ( و 11 ) 11 / 4 ( اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ ي
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻤﻛ و دراد ﻳ
ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ هدﺎﻣ رد ﻦ 1
) 39 / 2 ( ﻪﻛ
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ د ﺖ ﻳ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ دراد ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ،ﻦ
ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻴ ﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫ و رﺎ ﻲ
ﻧورد ﻲ ﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻴ ﻪﺑ سﺎ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ 91 / 42 ، 58 /5
و 88 /0 ﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺿ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐ ي ﻘﻣ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ ﻴ
ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ
كرد ﺎﺿر و ﻻﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﺳا . اﻳ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﻴ ﺎﺘﺳار رد ﻪﺠ ي
ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﺪ
ﻘﺤﺗ لوا لاﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻴ
ﻣ ﻖ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . اﺮﺑ نوﺰﻓا ﻳ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،ﻦ ﻲ
ﻚﺗ هدﺎﻣ ﻚﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷﺮﻛذ سﺎ ﻴ
ﻧ سﺎ ﻴ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺰ
ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﻪﻤﻫ لاﻮﺳ ﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد سﺎ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي 01 /0
<
p
دﻮﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ . ا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﻳ اﺮﺿ ﻦ ﻳ زا ﺐ 46 /0 ﺎﺗ 76 /0
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نﺎﺳﻮﻧ رد .
ﻪﺑ د ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻳ ﻪﻤﻫ ،ﺮﮕ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ
ﺎﻫ ي ﻘﻣ ﻴ سﺎ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫ زا ﻲ ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مزﻻ .
ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ هداد ندﻮﺑ
نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫ
KMO
دﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻳ
ﻪﻛ ،ﺪ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 82 / 0 دﻮﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ وﺮﻛ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺖﻠﺗرﺎﺑ ﺖ 22
/ 793 =
2
χ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0001
/ 0
p<
ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .ا
ﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ هداد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻠﺑﺎﻗ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻴ اﺮﺑ مزﻻ ﺖ ي
ﻠﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻴ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻲ
ﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا ﻲ ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 2
ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ي ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﻫ ﻳ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻚ
ﻪﺳ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻲ ﺪﻫد .
ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ
ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي زا شور ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﺻا ﻲ ) ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺎﻣ ﻳ ،ﻞ
oblique rotation
ﻪﺑ ، شور
،ﺲﻛﺎﻣوﺮﭘ
promax
( دﺎﻘﻣ و ﻳ ﺑ ﺮ ﻴ زا ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ ،ﻚ
ﺪﻣآ . نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ 2
ﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻲ ،دﻮﺷ لوا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ 90
/ 44
ﺪﺻرد ) ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ نﺎﺘﺳود ﺖ (
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻳ راو ﻦ ﻳ ﺲﻧﺎ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ رد ار
دراد هﺪﻬﻋﺮﺑ )
هدﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ ي 6 ، 7 ، 9 و 12 ( راو ؛ ﻳ نآ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎ 70
/ 63
ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ و ﺪﺻرد ي
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ي اﻳ زا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦ 81
/0 ﺎﺗ 93 / 0 رد
ﺖﺳا نﺎﺳﻮﻧ .
مود ﻞﻣﺎﻋ راو ﺎﺑ
ﻳ ﺲﻧﺎ 70 / 15 ﺪﺻرد » ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖ «
راﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ي راو ﺎﺑ و ؛ﺪﺷ ﻳ
كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎ 27
/ 22 ﺪﺻرد . ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ي ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ي اﻳ زا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦ 43
___________________
!"#$ %&' ()$
+-» ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ د ﺖ ﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ «
ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳا 90 /9 راو ﺪﺻرد ﻳ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎ ار ﺎﻫ
ﺒﺗ ﻴﻴ راو و ؛دﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻳ
نآ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎ 40
/ 1 ﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ي
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ زا نآ 65 /0 ﺎﺗ 94 / 0 ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ ور ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ ،هوﻼﻋ ي
ﻢﻫ
48 / 70 راو ﺪﺻرد ﻳ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎ ﺒﺗ ار ﺎﻫ
ﻴﻴ ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . اﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻘﺤﺗ مود ﺶﺳﺮﭘ
ﻴ ﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻖ ﻲ ﺪﻫد .
رد لوﺪﺟ 3 اﺮﺿ ﻳ اور ﺐ ﻲﻳ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ) ﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻴ ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ سﺎ ﻴ
سﺎ ﺎﻫ (
ﺮﺿ و ﻳ اور ﺐ ﻲﻳ اﺮﮔاو ) ﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻴ ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ و سﺎ ﻴ
سﺎ ﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ سﺎ
ﻧاور ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲ
( ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
لوﺪﺟ 2 -ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ ي ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻪﺑ ﺲﻛﺎﻣوﺮﭘ شور
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ د ﺖ ﻳ ناﺮﮕ
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ نﺎﺘﺳود
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ه هدﺎﻣ
94 /0
- - .دﻮﺷﻲ ﻣ هﺪﻳد ﻢﻓاﺮﻃا رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﻲﺻﺎﺧ دﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ مراد زﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻛﻲﺘﻗو 1
79 /0
- - ﻢﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ وا ﺎﺑ ار ﻢﻳﺎﻫي دﺎﺷ و ﺎﻫﻲ ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛ دراد دﻮﺟوﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ 2 66
/0
- - .ﺖﺳا ﻦﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﺳآ وﻲﺘﺣارﻲﻌﻗاو ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ مراد ارﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻚﻳ 5
65 /0
- - .ﺖﺳا سﺎﺴﺣ ﻢﻳﺎﻫسﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻣﻲﮔﺪﻧز ردﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺺﺨﺷ 10
/099 - .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲ ﻣﻲﻌﺳ ﺎﻌﻗاو ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ 3
/065 - مروآﻲ ﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ار ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زاﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ﻚﻤﻛ 4
/043 - .ﻢﻨﻛﻲ ﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻢﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ هرﺎﺑ رد 8
/090 - .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﻫﻢ ﻴﻤﺼﺗ رد ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻞﻳﺎﻣ ماهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ 11
- /093 ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲ ﻣﻲﻌﺳ ﺎﻌﻗاو ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳود 6
- /087 ﻢﻨﻛ زﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳوديور ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ دورﻲ ﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ هﺎﺒﺘﺷا ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳﺎﻫرﺎﻛﻲﺘﻗو 7
- /081 ﻢﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺎﺑ ار ﻢﻳﺎﻫﻲ ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ و ﺎﻫي دﺎﺷ ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻪﻛ مرادﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳود 9
- /091 .ﻢﻨﻛ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻢﻧﺎﺘﺳود ﺎﺑ ﻢﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ هرﺎﺑ رد ﻢﻧاﻮﺗﻲ ﻣ 12
هﮋﻳو ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ
90 /9
15/70 44/90 هﺪﺷﻦ ﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺪﺻرد
48 / 70
ﻞﻛ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺪﺻرد
80 /0
/080 /090 خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
لوﺪﺟ 3 -اﺮﺿ ﻳ اور ﺐ ﻲﻳ ﺑ اﺮﮔاو و اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﻴ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻦ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻧاور ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻲ
25 هدﺎﻣ ا ي
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﻛ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ
ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕﻳد ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ نﺎﺘﺳود ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋ
نﺎﺘﺳود ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
/048* هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
- /060* /037* ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕﻳد ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
/082* /084* /070* ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟاﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﻛ
22 /0
P<0/02
16 /0
-P= /0094
30 /0
-P<0/001
12 /0
-P<0/02
ﻧاور ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲ
001 / 0
<
P
*
نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ 3
د ﻳ ﻣ هﺪ ﻲ اﺮﺿ ،دﻮﺷ ﻳ ﺑ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﺐ ﻴ
ﻦ
ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ و ﻴ
سﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ
د و نﺎﺘﺳود ،هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻳ
زا ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ 70
/ 0 ﺎﺗ 84 / 0 ﻣ ﻲ ا ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
اﺮﺿ ﻳ رﺎﻣآ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺐ ي
001 / 0
<
P
ﺪﻧرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ . اﺮﺿ ﻳ اور ﺐ ﻲﻳ اﺮﮔاو
ﺑﻴ ﻘﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ و ، ﻴ
سﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ
ﺎﻤﺣ و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻳ
ﻧاور ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ نﺎﺘﺳود ﺖ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ﻔﻨﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻲ
ﺪﻧرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ) ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ،ﺐ 22 / 0 ) 02 / 0
<
p
( ، 30 / 0 ) 001 / 0
<
p
( و
12 / 0 ) 02 / 0
<
p
(( ﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧ و ﻴ
د سﺎ ﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ )
16 / 0 -
=
p
.( اﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻴﻳ
ﻘﺤﺗ لوا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺪ ﻴ
ﻣ ﻖ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
اﺮﺑ ي ﺿﺮﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ﻴ
ﻪ ﻳ ﻚ ) ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻫ
( ود ، ) ﻠﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻲ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
1998 ور ﺮﺑ ، ي ﺑﻴ ﮔاﺮﻓ باﺮﻄﺿا لﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤ ﻴﺮ
( ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ و ﻲ
) ﻠﺤﺗ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ
ﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا ﻞ ﻲ ( ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ
رﻮﺼﺗ ي ﻠﺤﺗ شور زا ﻴ
ﺎﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻴﻳ ﺪ ي ﺑ دروآﺮﺑ شور و ﻴ
ﺸ ﻴ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻨ
Maximum (Likelihood (ML))
ﮔﺪﻧزاﺮﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻲ
هداد ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ]
28 [ . لﺪﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻳ
اﺮﺑ هﺪﺷدﺎ ي ﻘﻣ ﻴ سﺎ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي زرا ﻳﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻮﮔ ﺞ ﻳﺎ ي اﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻲ
لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود و ﻚﺗ ﻲ
شزاﺮﺑ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .( ﺎﻛ روﺬﺠﻣ ي ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ
50 =
df
و ﻳ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻚ ﻳ
ﻞ 10 / 106 ) 0001 / 0
≤
p
( رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺎﻛ روﺬﺠﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ي زا ﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ 100 ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺘﻧ رد و ﺖﺳا سﺎﺴﺣ ﻴ
ﻣ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺠ ﻲ
دﻮﺷ . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻘﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﻴ هﺪ
ﻪﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ و نﺎﻧادرﺎﻣآ ناﻮﻨﻋ
+.
________________________________
______________
ﮔﺪﻧزاﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻤﻧ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻮﮕﻟا ﻲ
آﻳ ﺪ ] 29 [ . ا رد ﻳ ﺎﺠﻨ )
df
/
2
χ
(ا ﻳ لﺪﻣ ﻦ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 5 ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 10 / 2 ( ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ و ﻲ ا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻳ شزاﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ ﻦ
ﻳ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ]
31 [ . دﻳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﮕ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮔﺪﻧزاﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ 09 / 0 =
RMSEA
، 93 / 0 =
CFI
، 87 / 0 =
NFI
،
93 / 0 =
GFI
و 81 / 0 =
AGFI
ﻣ ﻲ ا ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﮔﺪﻧزاﺮﺑ ﻲ ا رد ﻳ نﺎﺸﻧ لﺪﻣ ﻦ رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ شزاﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﻫد
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ا
ﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻘﺤﺗ مﻮﺳ لاﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﻖ
ﺖﺳا . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻴ ﺎﻛ روﺬﺠﻣ ﻦ ي
لﺪﻣ ﻳ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود و ﻚ ﻲ
دازآ ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ ي
54 =
df
و 51 =
df
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 68 / 356 و 98 / 110 هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ،ﺪﻧا
ا ﻪﻛ ﻳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦ رﺎﻣآ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻫ
ي 0001 / 0
<
p
ﺑ و ﺪﻧرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻴ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎ
ا شزاﺮﺑ مﺪﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻳ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺪﻣ ود ﻦ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦ
df
/
2
χ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود لﺪﻣ ﻲ
ﻠﻧﺎﺘﺳا زا هﺪﺷ سﺎﺒﺘﻗا ﻲ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻲ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 5 ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 18 / 2( ﺑ ﻪﻛ ، ﻴ لﺪﻣ شزاﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،هوﻼﻋ ﺎﻫ
ي د ﻳ ﺮﮕ ي اﺮﺑ ي ﺷزرا ﻴﺑﺎ ﻲ
ﻠﻛ شزاﺮﺑ ﻲ لﺪﻣ لوﺪﺟ رد ﺎﻫ 4
هﺪﺷ جرد ﺪﻧا .
لوﺪﺟ 4 ( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﮔﺪﻧزاﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي
RMSEA
GFI CFI AGFI NFI χ2 /df df χ2 ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ لﺪﻣ
22 /0
/059 /060 /040 /057 /661 54 356/68 ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﺗ لﺪﻣ
10 /0
/086 /092 /079 /087 /218 51 110/98 ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود لﺪﻣ
09 /0
/088 /093 /081 /087 /210 50 106/10 ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ
ﻚﺗ لﺪﻣ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ
ﻲ هدﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود لﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻲ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﻠﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و )
1998 ور ﺮﺑ ، ي ﺑﻴ لﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤ ﮔاﺮﻓ باﺮﻄﺿا
ﻴﺮ ( ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ و ﻲ
درﻮﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻲ ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﺪ ي ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻧا
.
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 -ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻲ
+/
________________________________
______________
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ اﻳ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد لﺪﻣ ﻦ ]
30 [ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻣا
RMSEA
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود لﺪﻣ ﻲ
راﺪﻘﻣ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ 08
/ 0 ﺎﻄﺧ ي ﺮﻘﺗ ﻳ رد لﻮﻘﻌﻣ ﺐ
ﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻳ ا رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ لﺪﻣ ﻦ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )1
/ 0 ( ﺎﻘﻣ رد و ﻳ ﻚﺗ لﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ
ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ ﺋﺎﭘ ﻴ ﻦ ﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 22 / 0 .( اﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻘﺤﺗ مﻮﺳ لاﻮﺳ ﻴ
ﻖ
ﺎﻣزآ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻳ
لﺪﻣ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ي ﺿﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻲ ﺪﻫد .
ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي اﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻲ
و
ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﺪ ي ﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻲ
ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ د و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،نﺎﺘﺳود ﺖ ﻳ
ار ﻢﻬﻣ ناﺮﮕ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻴ ﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻘ ﻲ ﺎﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻴﻳ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ و داد راﺮﻗ ﺪ ﻲ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد
ﻘﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻤﺣ سﺎ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲ رﻮﺼﺗ ي اور هزﺎﺳ زا ﻲﻳ
رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺖﺳا . ا ﺎﺑ ﻳ ا رد ،لﺎﺣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻖ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﺎﺘﺳزﻮﺧ قﺮﺑ و بآ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻂﻘﻓ .
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ،ﻦ
ﻧاﺮﮕﻧﺎﻣرد و ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲ
ا زا ﺪﻧراد ﺪﺼﻗ ﻪﻛ ﻳ
ﻘﻣ ﻦ ﻴ اﺮﺑ سﺎ ي
هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ي د ﻳ ﺎﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﮕ ﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ ﻳ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺪ ﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺞ ﺘﺣا ﻴ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ طﺎ و ﺎﻫ
د داﺮﻓا ﻳ ﻤﻌﺗ ﺮﮕ ﻴ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻢ . ﭘﻴ ﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻲ ﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻴ
ﺪﻌﺑ تﺎﻘ ي
اﺮﺑ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻳ ﻘﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا سﺎ ﺎﻫ
ي د ﻳ ﺮﮕ ي دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻮﺳ زا ي د ﻳ ﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺮﮕ ﻴ ﻣ ﻪ ﻲ ﻘﻣ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا دﻮﺷ ﻴ
ﻪﺑ سﺎ ﺎﻣزآزﺎﺑ شور ﻲﻳ
و
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ اور ﻲﻳ ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﺎﺑ ار نآ ي
د ﻳ ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﮕ ﻲ
ﺪﻨﻫد راﺮﻗ .
ﺸﺗ ﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜ ﻲ
ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ﺳو ﻴ ﺎﻗآ بﺎﻨﺟ زا ﻪﻠ ي
ﻪﺟاﻮﺧ ﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏ ﺗﻮﻫﺎﺳ
ﻲ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ رﺎﻛﺮﺳ و
ﻢﻫدا
ﻤﺻ لﺎﻤﻛ رد ﻪﻛ ﻴﻤ
ﻴ رﺎﻜﻤﻫ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖ ي
،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار مزﻻ
ﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻲ ﻨﻛ ﻴ ﻢ.
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1- Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Potter, EH, Antoni MH. Life events, social support. J Behav Med. 1985;47:156-63.
2- Procidano ME, Heller K. Measures of perceived social supports from friends and from family: Three validation studies. Am J Comm Psychol. 1983:11:1-24.
3- Shumaker SA, Brownell A. Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. J Soc Iss. 1984;40:11-36.
4- Cohen S, Syme SL. Issues in the study and
application of social support. In Cohen S, Syme Sl (Eds.), Social support and health. Orlando, FL: Academic .In GD Zimet, NW Dahlem, SG Zimet, GK Farley. The Multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Ass. 1988;52(1):30-41.
5- Lin N. Conceptualizing social support. In N. Lin, A. Dean, WM. Ensel (Eds.), Social support, life events, and depression. Orlando, FL: Academic. In GD Zimet, NW Dahlem, SG Zimet, GK Farley. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Ass. 1988;52 (1):30-41.
6- Tardy CH. Social support measurement. Am J
Comm Psychol. 1986;13:187-02
7- Sarason I, Levien H, Basham R, Sarason B.
Assessing social supports: The social support questionnaire. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44 (1):127-39.
8- Weaver KL. Burnout, stress and social support among doctoral students in psychology [Dissertation].
Morgantonwn :West Virginia University; 2000.
9- House JS. Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1981.
10- Alemi F, Stephens R, Liorens S, Schaefer D, Nemes S, Arendt R. The orientation of social support measure. Addict Behav. 2003;28 (7):1285-98.
11- Dalgad OS, Tambs K. Urban envroment and mental health: A longitudinal study. Brit J Psychol. 1997;171:530-36.
12- Thoits PA. Social support as coping assistance. J Couns Clin Psychol. 1986;54:416-23.
13- Pearlin LI, Lieberman MA, Menaghan EG, Mullan JT. The stress process. J Hea Soc Behav. 1981;22:337-56.
14- Brownell A, Shumaker SA. Social support: An
introduction to a complex phenomenon. J Soc Iss. 1984;40:1-9.
15- Cheng ST, Chen ACM. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: Dimensionality and age and gender differences in adolescents. Pers Indiv Diff. 2004;1-11.
16- Ekar D, Arker H. The factorial structure, validity and reliability of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1995;34:45-55.
17- Ekar D, Arker H, Yaldiz H. Generality of support sources and psychometric propertices of a scale of perceived social supports in Turkey. Soc Psychol Epid. 2000;35:228-33.
18- Duru E. Re-examination of the psychometric
characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social Support among Turkish university students. Soc Behav Pers. 2007;35 (4):443-52.
19- Canty-Mitchell J, Zimet GD. Psychometric
properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in urban adolescents. Am J Commy Psychol. 2000;28 (3):391-400.
20- Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S,
Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Ass. 1990;55(3-4):610-17.
21- Kazarian SS, McCabe SB. Dimensions of social support in the MSPPS: Factorial structure, reliability, and theoretical implications. J Comm Psychol. 1991;19:150-60.
22- Dahiem NW, Zimet GD, Walker RR. The
Multidimensional scale of perceived social support: A confirmation study. J Clin Psychol. 1991;47(6):756-61.
23- Cecil H, Stanley MN, Garrion PG, Swann A.
Psychometric properties of the MSPSS and nos in psychiatric outpatients. J Clin Psychol. 1995;51 (5):593-02.
24- Stanley MA, Beck JG, Zebb BJ. Psychometrics of the MSPSS in older adults. Aging Men Health. 1998;2 (3):186-193.
25- Basol G. Validity and reliability of the Multidimensional scale of perceived social support-revised, with a Turkish sample. Soc Behav Pers. 2008;36(10):1303-14.
26- Clara IP, Cox B, Enns MW, Murray LT, Torgrude LJ. Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in clinically distressed and student sample. J Pers Ass. 2003;81(3):265-70.
27- Chou KL. Assessing Chinese adolescent's social support: The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Pers Indiv Diff. 2000;28:299-307.
28- Hooman HA. Multivariate data analysis in
behavioral research. Peak Saba Institute Press, second edition; 2006. [Persian]
29- Byrne BM. Structure equation modeling with
AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 2001.
30- Marsh HW, Hocever D. Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First and higher factor models and their invariance across group. Psychol Bull. 1985;97:562-82.
