Internal initiation
Identification of an essential region for internal initiation of translation in the aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site and implications for viral evolution.
... directs internal initiation of translation ...the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), is predicted to form extensive secondary structures and contains several unused AUG codons (reviewed in ...
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Internal Initiation Is Responsible for Synthesis of Wuhan Nodavirus Subgenomic RNA
... the internal initiation model is the most possible mechanism gov- erning the synthesis of ...the internal initiation model, the viral RdRp initiates transcription at an internal ...
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Conserved structural motifs located in distal loops of aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site domain 3 are required for internal initiation of translation.
... The structure of IRES elements is an inherent part of their ability to promote internal initiation of translation. Extensive sequence rearrangements observed in encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and ...
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Interaction of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein with the 5' noncoding region of the hepatitis C virus RNA genome and its functional requirement in internal initiation of translation.
... Indirect evidence suggests that p57/PTB is an essential fac- tor in translation of picornavirus mRNA (19, 22, 34). This conclusion is based on observations that specific anti-PTB se- rum inhibited cap-independent ...
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Factors controlling internal initiation of transcription at PRY3 in budding yeast
... transcription initiation occurs from the core TATA-box 1 promoter at –188 and a full-length transcript is ...and internal initiation of transcrip- tion occurs from TATA-box 2, which lies 385 nt ...
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Internal Initiation Stimulates Production of p8 Minicore, a Member of a Newly Discovered Family of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Isoforms
... ate RNA structures, the core gene contains not only the nu- cleocapsid coding sequence, which comprises the initial por- tion of the main open reading frame (ORF) of the virus, but also a conserved overlapping ORF whose ...
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The internal initiation of translation in bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA depends on the presence of an RNA pseudoknot upstream of the initiation codon
... for initiation of ...translation initiation in BVDV, CSFV and HCV occurs by an internal ribosomal entry mechanism ...HCV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) has been inves- tigated in detail ...
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Coding Sequences Enhance Internal Initiation of Translation by Hepatitis A Virus RNA In Vitro
... the initiation codon contributing to IRES function was established recently for hepatitis C virus (HCV) (21, 32, 34) and hepatitis G virus (isolates GBV-A and GBV-C) ...lation initiation site were necessary ...
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A conserved helical element is essential for internal initiation of translation of hepatitis C virus RNA.
... Mutational analysis of Py-I nucleotides 120 to 130, supported by compensatory mutants, demonstrates that the primary sequence of this motif is not important but that a helical structural[r] ...
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Internal initiation of translation on the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein mRNA yields a second protein.
... VSV mRNA was synthesized in vitro in a reaction mixture containing final concentration Tris hydrochloride pH 8.0 50 mM, NaCI 0.1 M, dithiothreitol 4 mM, MgCl2 5 mM, ATP, CTP, and GTP 1 m[r] ...
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Internal initiation of translation in retroviral vectors carrying picornavirus 5' nontranslated regions.
... First, although downstream coding regions in multicistronic RNAs are usually expressed poorly in mammalian cells or in in vitro mammalian translation systems, insertion of the 5' NTR fro[r] ...
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In vitro translation of poliovirus RNA: utilization of internal initiation sites in reticulocyte lysate.
... The absence of these P3 region proteins from the poliovirus-specific translation product in HeLa cell extract or the proteins found in infected cells suggests that this internal initiati[r] ...
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Translation of the hepatitis B virus P gene by ribosomal scanning as an alternative to internal initiation.
... Taken together, the results of the three experimental approaches indicate that the translation of a gene located downstream from the HBV C gene cannot be attributed to a mechanism of int[r] ...
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The sequence element of the internal ribosome entry site and a 25-kilodalton cellular protein contribute to efficient internal initiation of translation of hepatitis C virus RNA.
... translation initiation of HCV RNA, we first incubated HeLa S10 lysate with excess amounts of the RNA transcripts of pUC5END-nc, -Snc, -Lnc, and -SLnc that contained wild-type or mutant, full-length 5 9 NCR ...
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Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Dependent Translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Independent of Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein, Poly(rC)-Binding Protein 2, and La Protein
... -end-dependent initiation at both the permissive (20°C) and nonpermissive (37°) temperatures ...contrast, internal initiation mediated by the HCV IRES was reduced ...on internal ...
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A Unique 5′ Translation Element Discovered in Triticum Mosaic Virus
... show internal initiation abil- ities when tested in bicistronic constructs, potyviral leader se- quences drive optimal translation when the 5= end of the mRNA remains accessible and open to ribosomal entry, ...
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Identification and Functional Analysis of the Turnip Yellow Mosaic Tymovirus Subgenomic Promoter
... by internal initiation of transcription on promoters located on the complementary minus-strand RNA of genomic length is well documented for plant viruses such as brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV) (18), turnip ...
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Functional involvement of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in translation initiation complexes with the internal ribosome entry site of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
... -dependent initiation and the lucif- erase gene monitoring IRES-driven internal ...of internal initiation was reduced to 29% in the incomplete RRL (lane ...stimulate internal ...
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Different De Novo Initiation Strategies Are Used by Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase on Its cRNA and Viral RNA Promoters during Viral RNA Replication
... of initiation of replication by influenza virus RNA polymerase and establish whether initiation of cRNA and viral RNA (vRNA) ...this internal initiation and realignment ...different ...
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Interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4B with a picornavirus internal translation initiation site.
... the initiation factors involved in the cap-dependent translation initiation may also be used in the internal initiation would signify that picornaviruses have not developed a new form of ...
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