Likelihood Ratios
A quantum framework for likelihood ratios
... precise likelihood ratios is fundamental to many STEM areas, such as decision-making theory, biomedical science, and ...hood ratios based on the principles of quantum ...the likelihood ratio ...
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Likelihood ratios for genome medicine
... and likelihood ratios of any diagnostic test, including a genetic test, can be visualized using a nomogram familiar to most physicians and medical ...a likelihood ratio of 1.61, heterozygous alleles ...
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Interpretation of a Commercial Bovine Paratuberculosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay by Using Likelihood Ratios
... diagnosis. Likelihood ratios (LRs) are among the best tools for maximizing the diagnostic information gained from diagnostic assays that provide results on a continuous ...S/P ratios (r 2 ⴝ ...
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On Log Likelihood Ratios and the Significance of Rare Events
... Using likelihood ratios to esti- mate p-values introduces a substantial amount of er- ror, but not the orders-of-magnitude error that Dun- ning (1993) demonstrated for estimates that rely on the assumption ...
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Reliable likelihood ratios for statistical model-based voice activity detector with low false-alarm rate
... Gaussian probability density function (PDF). More recently, various efforts have been made to optimize SMVAD by modifying the decision rule originally derived from the likelihood ratio test (LRT). To decrease ...
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Pairwise Likelihood Ratios for Estimation of Non-Gaussian Structural Equation Models
... the likelihood ratio under the linear non-Gaussian acyclic model ...the likelihood ratio and analyze them based on related cumulant-based measures, which can be shown to find the correct causal ...
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Challenging script concordance test reference standard by evidence: do judgments by emergency medicine consultants agree with likelihood ratios?
... the likelihood of particular diseases, can be ...the likelihood of the same disease can be sought from the best current ...the likelihood ratio (LR) of any diagnostic finding is a precise indicator ...
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The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of fecal occult blood test for the detection of colorectal cancer in hospital settings
... Results: Of the 277 subjects, 79 tested positive for occult blood with at least one method. Overall, the number of those with an occult blood-positive result by both tests was 39 (14.1%), while for 198 (71.5%), both ...
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What is the relevant population? Considerations for the computation of likelihood ratios in forensic voice comparison
... In forensic voice comparison, it is essential to consider not only the similarity between samples, but also the typicality of the evidence in the relevant population. This is explicit within the likelihood ratio ...
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Scaled Log Likelihood Ratios for the Detection of Abbreviations in Text Corpora
... The detection of abbreviations in a text corpus forms one of the initial steps in tokenization (cf. Liberman/Church 1992). This is not a trivial task, since a tokenizer is confronted with am- biguous tokens. For English, ...
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The effect of variability on the outcome of likelihood ratios
... the likelihood that it was the Defendant who left the crime stain” (Rose 2007a) emphasises the validity of considering the probability of the evidence rather than the ...the likelihood ratio (LR), are now ...
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An Efficient High Secured Architecture for M-Turbo Decoders Using S- Box
... II.LITERATURE SURVEY Sum Product Algorithm: Efficient implementations of the sum-product algorithm (SPA) are presented for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes using log-likelihood ratios (LLR) as ...
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Evaluation of a novel real time PCR test based on the ssrAgene for the identification of group B streptococci in vaginal swabs
... Table 3 shows the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios for the RiboSEQ GBS test and the BD GeneOhm™ StrepB Assay using microbiological culture for the identi[r] ...
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A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate specific antigen
... Positive likelihood ratios (PLR) were above 1 for all stud- ies except Espana 1998 and Wymenga 2000, indicating that a raised tPSA is associated with prostate ...ative likelihood ratios (NLR) ...
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Individual component analysis of the multi parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol in the CE MARC trial
... Likelihood ratios for negative tests (LR-) demonstrate how much less likely the negative result will occur in subjects with the disease to the probability that the same result will occur without the ...
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Shoulder pain in primary care: diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination tests for non traumatic acromioclavicular joint pain
... negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were calculated for traditional ACJ tests (Active Compression/O ’ Brien ’ s test, cross-body adduction, localised ACJ tenderness and Hawkins-Kennedy test), and for ...
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Presence of Candida cell wall derived polysaccharides in the sera of intensive care unit patients: relation with candidaemia and Candida colonisation
... Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios LRs for glucanaemia β-D-1,3-glucan, mannanaemia and anti-mannan antibody detection tests, as well as a combination of[r] ...
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Improving the Performance of Turbo-Coded Systems under Suzuki Fading Channels
... Abstract: In this paper, the performance of coded systems is considered in the presence of Suzuki fading channels, which is a combination of both short-fading and long-fading channels. The problem in manipulating a ...
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Prospective Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Lyme Meningitis in Children
... METHODS. Children between 2 and 18 years of age presenting to Hasbro Children’s Hospital from April through October of 2006 and 2007 were enrolled if a lumbar puncture for meningitis showed a cerebrospinal fluid white ...
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Original Article The reliability of individual maturity phase judged by dental age
... M2) in LR+ with 11.85. These numerical values indicated a satisfying diagnostic reliability, which could assist in the clinical diagnosis. On the other hand, in male: Stage D and stage H showed positive likelihood ...
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