snow covered
Parameterization of the snow-covered surface albedo in the Noah-MP Version 1.0 by implementing vegetation effects
... of snow-covered vegetation For figuring out the difference of albedo among various veg- etation types, we select 10 areas within 40–60 ◦ N and 105– 145 ◦ E ...of snow cover change, we have averaged ...
13
Snow Water Equivalent Estimation for a Snow Covered Prairie Grass Field by GPS Interferometric Reflectometry
... of snow and fro- zen soil, tilted surfaces [17], the antenna beam pattern, the antenna phase center, the addition of more snow lay- ers, and the configuration of a horizontally-mounted (ze- nith-pointing) ...
11
Satellite observations of changes in snow-covered land surface albedo during spring in the Northern Hemisphere
... Cloud-free, snow- flagged and atmospherically corrected surface reflectances at seven MODIS bands (1–7, centered at 648, 858, 470, 555, 1240, 1640 and 2130 nm consecutively), accumulated during a cycle of 16 days, ...
15
Improved identification of clouds and ice/snow covered surfaces in SCIAMACHY observations
... over snow/ice surfaces is particularly difficult in the visible wavelengths as both clouds an snow/ice are both white and highly ...ice/snow covered surfaces, specifically developed to ...
12
The detection of cloud-free snow-covered areas using AATSR measurements
... with snow (Fig. 10). Flat snow, either on ice or on land, is the best surface for the cloud screening ...peaks covered with snow can be recog- nized (Figs. 10, 11, 14). Snow ...
13
Assimilation of snow covered area into a hydrologic model
... sensed snow covered area was assimilated into a hy- drologic model, using the ensemble Kalman square root ...simulated snow covered area and the state variables that were updated in the ...
58
Fractional snow covered area parameterization over complex topography
... Fractional snow-covered area (SCA) is a key pa- rameter in large-scale hydrological, meteorological and re- gional climate ...spatial snow distribu- tions are, however, difficult to measure over ...
13
Ensemble-based assimilation of fractional snow-covered area satellite retrievals to estimate the snow distribution at Arctic sites
... Some snow models ...the snow distribution over large ...in snow modeling (De Lannoy et ...addition, snow models are generally developed as point-scale models; even if they are run as ...
24
Leads in Arctic pack ice enable early phytoplankton blooms below snow covered sea ice
... plus snow) modal thickness of ...ice, covered by 0.39 ± 0.21 m of snow (Fig. S2), while snow thickness on the thin ice ranged from ...thick snow cover or ‘thin ice’ representative of ...
9
Estimating snow water equivalent for a slightly tilted snow covered prairie grass field by GPS interferometric reflectometry
... about snow depth [12-16] and possibly SWE [17,18]. From recent snow depth studies [14], this promising new technique has been given the name GPS interferometric reflectometry ...as snow depth and ...
9
Comparison of a coupled snow thermodynamic and radiative transfer model with in situ active microwave signatures of snow-covered smooth first-year sea ice
... one-dimensional snow evolution model, and an active microwave backscatter ...the snow thermodynamic model (SNTHERM) of Jordan (1991), and a multilayer snow and ice backscat- ter model (MSIB); each of ...
13
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow covered catchments
... of snow pack and soil frost are included in the COUP model (Jansson and Karlberg, 2001) for simulations of hydrology and nitrogen and carbon ...extensive snow accumulation during ...seasonal snow ...
11
1 The Effect of Recreation in a Snow-Covered Forest
... effect on positive affect was observed, as this indicator increased in the forest environment. Negative 300[r] ...
15
A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow covered and seasonally frozen soil: model description and testing
... Both snow depth and soil temperature measurements (at depths of 20 cm and 50 cm) at these observation stations, or other stations close by, were ...both snow depth and soil temperature measurements were ...
11
Spatio temporal variability of snow water equivalent in the extra tropical Andes Cordillera from distributed energy balance modeling and remotely sensed snow cover
... Seasonal snow cover is the primary water source for human use and ecosystems along the extratropical Andes ...spring snow water equivalent over a 152 000 km 2 domain that includes the mountainous reaches of ...
20
2-15-2018 The role of surface roughness, albedo, and Bowen ratio on ecosystem energy balance in the Eastern United States
... The results presented here suggest that local surface temperature di ff erences between forested and open lands in the eastern United States are strongly influenced by differences in surface roughness. Aerodynamically ...
12
Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates Tigris basin
... on snow water availability in the Euphrates- Tigris basin using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macro scale hydrologic model and a set of regional climate- change outputs from 13 global circulation models ...
15
Snow Accumulation and Depletion Pattern of an Eastern Himalayan River Basin
... for snow cover distribution in the Beas basin consisting of rugged terrain; snow under forest; and contaminated snow and patchy ...upon snow indices were attempted to find suitable index for ...
8
Seasonal controls on snow distribution and aerial ablation at the snow-patch and landscape scales, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
... of snow-covered area at the landscape scale shown in ...of snow cover observed in the first available im- age (4 November 2010) and the high initial rate observed in ...the snow had not ...
15
Strength of forest-albedo feedback in mid-Holocene climate simulations
... of snow-covered surfaces vary strongly among the suite of general circulation models (GCMs) used in the Fourth As- sessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Meehl et ...of ...
13