The genetic code
The Study of the Secrets of the Genetic Code
... of genetic code, briefly presented in the article ...the genetic code was facilitated by the fact that it was carried out on the basis of mathematical analysis of experimental data: the ...
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The Digram I Ching Genetic Code Compresses the Genetic Code into 24 Compatible Main Codons
... Ching” genetic code, the number of symbols is reduced to only 8 symbolic binary constants, integrated by only three symbols, being each: either the continuous or the broken horizontal line, plus the ...
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Computation of the Genetic Code: Full Version
... the genetic code (summary is presented in [1], the detailed—to [2]) is the problem of the calculation of the genetic ...the genetic code was provided, the idea of which was first ...
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Decoding The Genetic Code Worksheet Answers
... the genetic manipulation for homeschoolers and answer key terminology on the code answers ebook, decode the process of ...the genetic code answers i can not get made up dna from genetics is ...
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Refactoring the Genetic Code for Increased Evolvability
... standard genetic code is robust to mutations during transcription and ...the genetic code that maximizes the mutagenic potential of single nucleotide ...possible genetic codes that ...
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An extension of the coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code
... modern genetic code of its expansion from an earlier form, perhaps with simpler amino ...primordial genetic codes used simple amino acids that are produced in prebiotic syntheses and are encoded in ...
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Amino acid fermentation at the origin of the genetic code
... the genetic code was established prior to the existence of proteins, when metabolism was powered by ...the code are performed to study the extent of the variability of the energetic (ATP) ...
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The genetic code, algebraic codes and double numbers
... The idea about special mathematical peculiarities of living matter exists long ago. For example V.I. Vernadsky [Vernadsky, 1965] put forward the hypothesis on a non-Euclidean geometry of living nature. Different branches ...
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Reassigning Cysteine in the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli
... Accepted for publication July 9, 1998 ABSTRACT We investigated directed deviations from the universal genetic code. Mutant tRNAs that incorporate cysteine at positions corresponding to the isoleucine AUU, ...
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Insights into the faithful translation of the genetic code by the ribosome
... the genetic code by the ribosome Sean ...life, genetic information is stored in the form of deoxy-ribonucleic acids (DNA), and in response to various stimuli, genes are transcribed from DNA into a ...
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Chapter 9. Applications of probability. 9.1 The genetic code
... 9.1 The genetic code All living things are made of basic building blocks called proteins. These proteins come in a rich diversity, and each of these is in turn composed of elementary units called amino ...
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The mathematical structure of the genetic code: a tool for inquiring on the origin of life
... thus, the authors appeal to the necessity of using and/or developing extraordinary tools for tackling these formidable problems. As many say, “absence of evidence is evidence of absence”; hence, the main aim of this ...
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A Stress Induced Bias in the Reading of the Genetic Code in Escherichia coli
... IMPORTANCE The genetic code is a universal characteristic of all living organisms. It defines the set of rules by which nucleotide triplets specify which amino acid will be incorporated into a protein. Our ...
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The ATP Hypothesis: A New Conceptual Framework for the Origin of the Genetic Code
... of genetic codes have been proposed so far, yet all ignored its energetic relation to the biochemical ...primordial genetic code by its coevolution with the pristine biochemical ...the genetic ...
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Evolution of the genetic code: partial optimization of a random code for robustness to translation error in a rugged fitness landscape
... Authors' response: "Relatively small" means, literally, rela- tively small with respect to other random codes. It does not seem to us that additional justification is necessary. The term "translational robustness" has ...
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Optimality of the genetic code with respect to protein stability and amino acid frequencies
... are biologically motivated, but we would like to do better by refining our cost measure. In particular, we have devised a mutation matrix describing the average cost of single amino- acid substitutions in protein ...
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Simple association of the genetic code with hexagrams of the Book of Changes (I Ching)
... Correlation of DNA triplets with hexagrams of Fu Xi order in Chinese philosophy Many researchers have been trying to establish asso- ciations of DNA triplets with hexagrams of the Chinese philosophy since the time when ...
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RNA and the Genetic Code
... • Gene: a unit of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule o Gene can then be expressed through transcription and translation • Messenger RNA is synthesized in the 5’ t[r] ...
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Nucleic Acids: FUNCTION as the Genetic Material. The Genetic Code. Expression of Genetic Information
... • 61 codons have meaning and code for 1 amino acid each.. • 3 codons do not code for amino acids UAA ochre.[r] ...
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Chapter 3: DNA and the Genetic Code
... DNA replication Complementary base pairing also assists in the faithful reproduction of the DNA sequence, a process geneticists call DNA replication. When a cell divides, both of the daughter cells must contain the same ...
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