[PDF] Top 20 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase Can Increase the In Vivo Mutation Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
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3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase Can Increase the In Vivo Mutation Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... An AZT-resistant HIV-1 RT variant can increase mutant frequencies and the in vivo HIV-1 mutation ...confer AZT resistance was tested for their ability to ... See full document
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The antiretrovirus drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine increases the retrovirus mutation rate.
... necrosis virus (SNV) mutation rate 13-fold in one cycle of retrovirus replication ...also increase retrovirus mutation rates. We sought to determine if 3 * -azido-3 ... See full document
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Selective Excision of AZTMP by Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase
... mechanisms can be envisioned for resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) to nucleoside analogs: one in which the ... See full document
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Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNase H Primer Grip Enhance 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine Resistance
... the rate of DNA polymer- ...the increase in AZT resistance and the reduction in RT template switching, suggesting that other effects of the RNase H primer grip mutations that do not involve a ... See full document
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The M184V Mutation in the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Impairs Rescue of Chain-Terminated DNA Synthesis
... as 3 ⴕ -azido-3 ⴕ -deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2 ⴕ ,3 ⴕ -dideoxy-3 ⴕ -thia- cytidine (3TC) represent an important class of drugs that are used in the clinic to inhibit the ... See full document
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A Novel Point Mutation at Position 156 of Reverse Transcriptase from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Confers Resistance to the Combination of (−)-β-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-Thiacytidine and 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine
... ciency virus (FIV) as a model for examining the mechanisms of viral resistance to AIDS therapy ...of AZT, 29,39-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 29,39- dideoxyinosine (ddI), 29,39-didehydro-39-deoxythymidine ... See full document
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Attenuated replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a didanosine-selected reverse transcriptase mutation.
... Leu74Val mutation (data not ...cloned virus is due to the RT mutation and not to an effect of the vector ...Leu74Val virus, the replication kinetics of uncharacterized clinical iso- lates ... See full document
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The K65R Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Exhibits Bidirectional Phenotypic Antagonism with Thymidine Analog Mutations
... in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) re- verse transcriptase (RT) results from a single G-to-A transition (AAA to ...This mutation was first identified in ... See full document
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The M184V Mutation Reduces the Selective Excision of Zidovudine 5′-Monophosphate (AZTMP) by the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... dNTP can then ...a 3⬘ OH, the incoming dNTP cannot be incorporated; however, the binding of the dNTP does cause the fingers to close on the incoming dNTP, forming a stable complex (18, ...in vivo to ... See full document
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High-Level Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythimidine due to a Deletion in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... with 3 ⴕ -azido-3 ⴕ -deoxythymidine (AZT) plus 2 ⴕ ,3 ⴕ ...than 3 years in association with the accumulation of a variety of other well-described drug resistance mutations ... See full document
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Combination of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase Results in a Multiplicative Increase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutant Frequencies
... drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the presence of drug can lead to the failure of antiretroviral drug ...that 3 ⴕ ... See full document
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Amino Acid Mutation N348I in the Connection Subdomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Confers Multiclass Resistance to Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections in highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) can dramati- cally reduce viral load, increase levels of ... See full document
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Increased polymerase fidelity of E89G, a nucleoside analog-resistant variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
... the 3 9 -hydroxyl of the primer DNA ...resistance mutation L74V are thought to alter susceptibil- ity via template repositioning (6, 37); the M184V alteration responsible for 3TC resistance may affect ... See full document
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Relative Replication Fitness of a High-Level 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine-Resistant Variant of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Possessing an Amino Acid Deletion at Codon 67 and a Novel Substitution (Thr→Gly) at Codon 69
... wild type in the absence of drugs (27, ...MDR mutation (11, 31, 41, ...(⌬67 mutation) has been reported to be associated with multidrug resistance ...known AZT resistance muta- tions ... See full document
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An in vivo mutation from leucine to tryptophan at position 210 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to high-level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
... resistance mutation Tyr-215 in b 11a could con- tribute to discrimination between thymidine triphosphate and AZT triphosphate by (i) directly affecting the binding of dNTPs; (ii) altering the geometry of ... See full document
9
Relationship between 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine Resistance and Primer Unblocking Activity in Foscarnet-Resistant Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase
... in virus culture or from clinical ...foscarnet can be explained if foscarnet binding occurs when the primer terminus occupies the dNTP binding site on the enzyme ...AZTMP can be explained if ... See full document
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Subtype-Specific Differences in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Connection Subdomain of CRF01_AE Are Associated with Higher Levels of Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine
... increased AZT resistance and AZTMP ex- cision in these studies, our previous analyses of treatment- naïve and NRTI-experienced patients indicated that not all CN subdomains containing a threonine at position 400 ... See full document
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Selection of Mutations in the Connection and RNase H Domains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Increase Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Dideoxythymidine
... the 3 ⬘ region of RT that increase AZT resistance and cross-resistance to other nucleoside analog RT ...of AZT-selected mutations in the p66 subunit of ... See full document
8
3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) Mediates Cross-Resistance to Nucleoside Analogs in the Case of AZT-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants
... study AZT-resistant mechanisms, rather than an in vitro assay, so as not to omit any cellular or viral ...various AZT-re- sistant clinical isolates, AZT-resistant clones, and ... See full document
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Sanctuary growth of human immunodeficiency virus in the presence of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
... of AZT therapy; however, the isolated virus will remain sensitive to AZT when it is analyzed in tissue culture (7, ...verse transcriptase inhibitors develops very rapidly in culture and in ... See full document
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