[PDF] Top 20 Separation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication from nef-Mediated Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus

... Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is frequently attenuated after long-term culture in ...for replication and pathogenicity in vivo. Analysis of attenuated ... See full document

... the pathogenesis of infection is viral protein R (vpr), whose functions include cellular changes that could hypothetically impair CTL lysis of infected ...using nef-deleted viruses (to allow adequate and ... See full document

... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...HIV-1 pathogenesis from early to late stages of the disease; according to several studies, macrophages participate in ... See full document

... efficient replication and pathogenicity of human and simian immodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respec- tively) (15, 25, ...27). Nef increases viral spread both indirectly by mechanisms of immune ... See full document

... (Fig. 1) because, unlike nef deletion mutants of NL4-3, which are attenuated for replication and cytopathicity in the SCID-hu mouse model (15), a vpr deletion mutant replicates and de- pletes ... See full document

... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in ...signals from professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macro- ... See full document

... the nef gene in causing lymphocyte ...expressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nef in the thymus displayed T-cell hyperactivation, CD4 down- ... See full document

... Although Nef expression increases the percentage of T cells responding to activating stimuli, the levels of acti- vation markers or activation-dependent transcription are similar between Nef+ and ... See full document

... While Nef is packaged nonspecifically and at relatively low levels compared to those of Vpr, its presence in HIV-1 virions may nevertheless be biologically ...that Nef associates with cellular ... See full document

... Type 1 human immunodeficiency viruses encoding mutated nef reading frames are 10- to 30-fold less infectious than are isogenic viruses in which the nef gene is ...causes ... See full document

... HIV-1 nef can clearly substitute for SIVmac nef in this relevant animal model, we were not able to achieve moderate or high virus loads and disease progression in a workable time frame in 100% ... See full document

... Recombinant infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 were cre- ated to identify the determinants responsible for the depletion of CD4-bearing cells. The region of the env gene encoding gp120 V1 to V3 was isolated by ... See full document

... of Nef is controlled by the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and subjected to appropriate splic- ...FIG. 1. Downregulation of CD4 and MHC class I and Hck binding by HIV-1 Nef and various ... See full document

... efficient replication, then why is Nef not required for HIV-1 replication in many immortalized T-cell lines (41, 57)? Assuming that CD4 down- regulation by Nef is necessary for viral ... See full document

... protein Nef is essential for efficient replica- tion and pathogenesis of primate ...the nef open reading frame results in attenuation of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus ... See full document

... of nef transgenic mice ...deduced from confocal microscopic analysis showing colocalization with RITC-Tf but not with CI-MPR or ...in Nef-expressing cells indicated that CD4 molecules accumulating in ... See full document

... synthesized from a DNA template produced by the amplification of HIV-1 proviral DNA by using mod- ified HIV-1 gag region-specific primers SK38 and SK39 (64) was kindly provided by ...amplify 1 ... See full document

... Among our nef genes, the nucleotide sequences encoding the IR were relatively conserved data not shown and reflected the sequence variation previously described for cultured HIV-1 isolat[r] ... See full document

... 10, which potentially affect the GTPase and GTP binding activities; iii different Nef aminoterminal sequence in the recombinant Nef protein, resulting from initiation at a putative start[r] ... See full document

... SDF-1 does not affect the efficiency of reverse transcription. The amount of newly reverse-transcribed proviral DNA was monitored. P4C5 cells were preincubated for 30 min at 37°C with or without SDF-1 (200 ... See full document