The Format Bibliography command uses an output style to convert all unformatted citations into formatted citations, and reflects final output.
Note:When Instant Formatting is turned on, formatting is done as you insert citations–but you can still use Format Bibliography to change the style or layout of your citations and bibliography.
Formatted citations include hidden Word field codes in case you want to Format Bibliography again later, either after adding more citations or because you want to format in a different style.
Citations formatted in an Author-Date style might look like this: (Alvarez 1994; Turnhouse 1987)
This is the same citation formatted in the Numbered style: [1,2]
You can easily revert from formatted citations back to unformatted citations at any time. SeeUnformatting Citations.
Related Topics:
Customizing Individual Citations Field Codes
Finding and Inserting Citations Showing Word Processor Codes
Finding and Inserting Citations (Microsoft Word)
You can search for EndNote references and insert them without ever leaving Word. This is the easiest way to find and insert a citation into a Word document:
1. Open the EndNote libraries that contain the references you wish to cite.
2. Open the Word document and position the cursor at the location where you would like the citation.
3. From Word’s Tools menu, select the EndNote X6 submenu and Find Citation(s) to display the EndNote Find Insert My Ref- erences dialog.
4. In the text box at the top, enter text to identify the reference you wish to cite. EndNote assumes an "and" between each word, and will search all fields in your records.
5. Click Insert (Word 2008 and 2011) or press RETURN and EndNote compares the text to text in your EndNote references and lists the matching reference(s).If no references match your text, you need to modify your search text and click Insert again.
6. Identify and highlight the appropriate reference(s).
7. Use the Insert button triangle to display a menu, and select from:
l Insert:To insert the citation and format it as defined by the currently selected output style l Insert & Display as: Author (Year)
l Insert & Exclude Author l Insert & Exclude Year l Insert in Bibliography Only
Note:You can click Insert (not the triangle) to quickly select the default Insert command.
Citations are inserted directly into your paper in the same font as the surrounding text. Once a citation is inserted, it contains com- plete reference information in hidden codes.
You can insert citations in an existing manuscript or as you write. Remember to save your document as you work.
To format your citations and generate a bibliography, seeFormatting the Bibliography. In most cases,Instant Formattingapplies as you insert citations.
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text Including Notes in the List of References Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting From Multiple Libraries
Inserting Selected Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Using Drag-and-Drop or Copy and Paste
Inserting Selected Citations (Microsoft Word)
To insert references selected in EndNote:
1. Open the Word document and position the cursor at the location where you would like the citation. 2. From the Tools menu in Word, go to the EndNote X6 submenu and then Go to EndNote.
3. Highlight the desired reference(s) in your EndNote library.
4. From the Tools menu in EndNote, select the Cite While You Write submenu and select Insert Selected Citation(s).
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text
Forms of Citations
Including Notes in the List of References Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting From Multiple Libraries
Inserting Multiple Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Using Drag-and-Drop or Copy and Paste
Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text (Microsoft Word)
To find and insert a citation from highlighted text:
1. As you are typing, enter text to identify the reference you wish to cite, and highlight that text.
2. From Word’s Tools menu, select the EndNote X6 submenu and Find Citation(s) to display the EndNote Find Insert My Ref- erences dialog.
EndNote inserts your highlighted text into the Find box. Use the Find & Insert My References dialog as described inFinding and Inserting Citations.
Using Drag-and-Drop or Copy and Paste (Microsoft Word)
You can drag selected citations from your EndNote library and drop them into your paper at the desired location for the citation. You can also copy citations from the EndNote Library window and paste them into the document (using Copy from EndNote’s Edit menu and then Paste from Word’s clipboard).
Inserting Multiple Citations (Microsoft Word)
There are several ways to insert multiple references in one in-text citation. When formatted, they appear as one multiple citation, sorted as your bibliographic style requires:
Unformatted:{Hall, 1988 #77; Baker, 1988 #16}
Formatted:(Baker, 1988; Hall, 1988)
You can insert up to 250 consecutive in-text citations, although the limit could be lower depending upon the number of fields being formatted with the output style you have chosen.
Note:If one of the citations in a multiple citation is not matched during formatting, the entire citation remains unformatted. Notes cannot be inserted as part of a multiple citation.
To insert multiple citations from Word:
1. From the Tools menu in Word, go to the EndNote X6 submenu and select Find Citation(s). 2. Enter a generic search term that will find the references you want, and click Find.
3. Hold down the Command key while clicking on the desired references in the list (or hold down the Shift key to select a con- tinuous range of references) in order to highlight the references.
4. Click Insert.
1. In EndNote, hold down the Command key while clicking on the desired references in your library (or hold down the Shift key to select a continuous range of references).
2. From EndNote’s Tools menu, go to the Cite While You Write submenu and select Insert Selected Citation(s). To insert multiple citations individually:
Another option is to insert citations individually, but immediately next to each other. Cite While You Write merges adjacent cita- tions during formatting. Citations do not merge if any character separates them–including a space or punctuation mark.
Unformatted:{Hall,1988 #77}{Baker, 1988 #16}
Merged when Formatted:(Baker, 1988; Hall, 1988)
Note:You can add citations to an existing in-text citation, or change the order of citations within thedelimiters1with the Edit Citations dialog.
To insert, remove, or edit citations within an existing in-text citation: 1. Click on the formatted citation.
2. From Word’s Tools menu, go to the EndNote X6 submenu and Edit Citation(s) to display the EndNote X6 Edit Manage Citations dialog.
3. Highlight a citation, and then:
l Click Remove to delete it.
l Click Insert to insert another citation within the same set of delimiters.
l Use the arrow buttons to change the order of the citation in a multiple citation. (If a Citation Sort Order is applied by the cur-
rent output style, changing the order of citations in a multiple citation has no effect.) You can use the other features on this dialog as described inCustomizing Individual Citations.
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables Forms of Citations
Including Notes in the List of References Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting From Multiple Libraries
Inserting Selected Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Inserting From Multiple Libraries (Microsoft Word)
You can cite references from multiple libraries. Simply open the selected libraries before you begin inserting citations.
1Delimiters are punctuation marks that separates one term or field (or any piece of data) from another. Delimiters are used in the con-
text of temporary citation markers (the curly braces are default delimiters that identify the temporary citations in the body of your text) and term lists.
If possible, though, we recommend that you use a single library when writing a paper. Keeping all of your references in one library simplifies the writing process because you know exactly where to find each reference, there is little likelihood of duplicate ref- erences, and you only need to have one library open when inserting citations.
Note:If you plan to insert citations from more than one library into a paper, read about theMerge Duplicates in Bibliographypref- erence
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables Forms of Citations
Including Notes in the List of References Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting Multiple Citations
Inserting Selected Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Customizing Individual Citations
There may be cases where you want individual citations to differ from the standard format. You may want to remove the year or author from a citation if either was mentioned in the context of the sentence. Or, you might want to add a page reference or com- ment before or after the citation.
For example, assume a formatted citation looks like this: Hall’s discovery (Hall, 1988)
You can omit the author’s name from the citation: Hall’s discovery (1988)
You can omit the date from the citation: the 1988 discovery (Hall)
You can add a suffix with page number to the citation: the discovery (Hall, 1988 p.4)
You can add a prefix to the citation: the discovery (see Hall, 1988) To customize a formatted citation:
1. Insert and format the citation. 2. Click on the formatted citation.
Manage Citations dialog.
All of the cited references in the document are listed in the left column of the dialog. An ellipses shows where a citation appears within text. The line below shows the cited reference(s)
4. Highlight the citation you want to customize. 5. Customize as needed:
Default Format:Select this menu option to display the citation and format it as defined by the currently selected output style.
Display as: Author (Year): Select this menu option to display both the author name and the year in the highlighted cita- tion.
Exclude Author:Select this to omit the author name from the formatted citation.
Exclude Year:Select this to omit the date from the formatted citation.
Prefix:Enter text here to print immediately before the citation text (spaces are significant).
Show Only in Bibliography:Select this option to display the selected citation only in the bibliography, not in the body of the paper.
Suffix:Enter text here to print after the citation text (spaces are significant). You can enter page numbers here if you always want them to print after the citation.
Pages:Page numbers entered here are considered entered into a "Cited Pages" field, so they can be manipulated on out- put just like any other EndNote field. In order to print, the Cited Pages field must be listed in the citation template and/or footnote template of your output style. This is typically used to print the page numbers within a full footnote citation. Most EndNote styles that require a special format for citations in footnotes are already configured this way. You can modify the Citation Template in your output style to include Cited Pages.
6. Click OK to implement the change(s) to the citation.
Related Topics: Citation Prefixes Citation Suffixes
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Citing Specific Page Numbers in Footnotes Editing Citations
Examples of Modified Citations Forms of Citations
Including Notes in the List of References
Including Semicolons & Other Citation Delimiters in a Citation Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper
Notes About Temporary Citations Omitting Authors or Years from Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Including Notes in the List of References (Microsoft Word)
Some journal styles (such as Science) require that you include notes along with the list of works cited at the end of the document. In such a system, notes are numbered just like citations, and are included in the reference list in order of appearance, along with bibliographic references.
Including notes in this way makes sense only when you are formatting your paper with a numbered style (not an author- date style).
To insert text as a numbered note in the reference list:
1. Position the cursor at the location in your text where you would like the number indicating the note.
2. From the Tools menu, go to the EndNote X6 submenu and select Insert Note to display the EndNote Insert Note dialog. 3. Type your note text into the text box. There is no limit on the amount of text you can enter.
4. Click OK to insert a numbered note.
When your paper is formatted by EndNote using a numbered style, the note text is assigned a number and listed along with the references at the end of the paper.
The way that notes are displayed when unformatted can be changed in theTemporary Citationspreferences. To manually type text as a numbered note in the reference list:
1. Type the text into the body of your document where you would want the number for the note to appear.
2. Be sure to surround the entire section of text with your Temporary Citation Delimiters (curly braces by default), and begin it with "NOTE:". For example:
{NOTE: The authors would like to acknowledge the support of...}
Restrictions on the Use of the "NOTE" Feature:
l This feature requires that a numbered style be used for formatting; otherwise, the note appears as text in the body of your
paper.
l Enter alphanumeric text only. Do not enter graphics, equations, or symbols.
l Do not use the temporary citation delimiters as part of the text of the note. Other markers, such as the record number
marker, the prefix marker, and the multiple citation separator may be used.
l Notes cannot be combined with regular bibliographic citations within the same set of delimiters (such as parentheses or
brackets). They must be cited separately— each in its own set of delimiters.
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables Forms of Citations
Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting From Multiple Libraries
Inserting Selected Citations Typing Citations into Your Paper
Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper (Microsoft Word)
If you need to add one or more citations to a paper that has already been formatted, simply insert the new citations into the text (as described earlier in this chapter) and select Format Bibliography when you are ready to update the bibliography and citations. To add a new reference to an existing citation, insert the new reference next to (not within) the existing citation, like this:
(Hockney and Ellis, 1996){Argus, 1984 #1}
Adjacent citations are merged during formatting, and the formatted citations are sorted according to the style: (Argus, 1984; Hockney and Ellis, 1996)
Note:Do not insert a citation into the middle of a formatted citation. Insert it immediately before or after the existing citation, with no space between them.
Related Topics:
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text Forms of Citations
Inserting From Multiple Libraries Inserting Multiple Citations Inserting Selected Citations
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes (Microsoft Word)
Once you have created a footnote or endnote in Word, you can cite references in that footnote or endnote just like you cite them in the body of the document.
To cite a reference in a footnote or endnote:
1. Use the appropriate command in Word to create the footnote or endnote. (EndNote does not create the footnote or endnote in the document, but is used to insert and format citations in the note.)
2. Position the cursor in the footnote or endnote where you would like the citation to appear. 3. Insert the citation as you normally would.
Note:You can edit a full reference footnote citation to exclude author name, year, or author/year. Note that the Author(Year) option does not apply to footnotes.
The EndNote style that is selected when you select Format Bibliography determines how citations in footnotes and endnotes are formatted. EndNote can format these citations as brief in-text citations or like complete references in the bibliography. It can also create a special format specific to footnotes or endnotes, including options like "Ibid." and other variations of shortened ref- erences when a citation appears more than once in the footnotes or endnotes. SeeBibliography and Footnote Templates. If you are citing full references in footnotes, you can include specific page numbers to be formatted like a regular EndNote field. SeeCustomizing Individual Citations. Or, if you are manually typing citations, seeCiting Specific Page Numbers in Footnotes.
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes Customizing Individual Citations
Finding and Inserting Citations
Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text Forms of Citations
Including Notes in the List of References Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper Inserting From Multiple Libraries
Inserting Multiple Citations Inserting Selected Citations