The research limitations discussed in section 7.4 have led us to identify opportunities for future research, including: (1) a confirmatory research study to determine the validity of the factors and external variables in the theory of OSS adoption by SMEs in this study; (2) a longitudinal exploratory research study to extend the scope of factors and the understanding of their influence on the adoption of OSS; and (3) an exploratory research study to extend the exploratory and explanatory capabilities of the DTPB. These opportunities for future research will now be discussed in more detail.
The first suggestion is to undertake a confirmatory research study to determine the validity of the factors and the emergent theory of OSS adoption by SMEs in this study. Such a study may identify the significance of the factors leading to the development of a statistically generalisable model of factors influencing the adoption of OSS by IT SMEs. Such a model may also provide a framework for identifying criticalsuccessfactors for OSS adoption by IT SMEs in the UK. A future confirmatory study could also address the issues of bias in the case samples and the participants in this study: the use of questionnaire administered by mail is likely to randomise the survey participants' roles and business area/speciality.
The second suggestion for future work is to undertake a longitudinal exploratory research study to extend the knowledge and understanding of factors influencing the adoption of OSS.
Such a study should focus on exploring additional empirical evidence to support the theoretical definition of emerging factors identified but not defined in Chapter 5. To do so, future studies may apply a theorybuilding approach, such as the one presented in the research methodology in Chapter 4, the data analysis in Chapter 5, and definition and reporting of the factors in Chapter 6.
The third area of future work is to extend the exploratory and explanatory capability of the DTPB for similar research in ICT adoption. Doing so could enhance the effectiveness of the DTPB, which may also extend the understanding gained from the use of the theory. Future research may consider three areas for realising this opportunity.
The first area for extending the exploratory capability is the extension of the DTPB and the inclusion of relevant theoretical concepts from other information systems related theories of adoption and diffusion. For example, trialability and observability have been proven to be relevant concepts in adoption (in the Diffusion of Innovations theory – DOI in Rogers 1995, 2004; Rogers and Scott 1997) and their inclusion in the DTPB may extend the exploratory K. Mijinyawa
Chapter 7: Conclusions 191
capability of the theoretical framework for exploring and explaining the adoption of OSS.
Another example is the importance of considering individuals differences and characteristics, including age, gender, experience, educational level and organisational level, which have been reported to moderate the influence of factors on the adoption of innovation by individuals (Goh and Agarwal 2008; Igbaria 1995; Mathieson et al. 2001; Venkatesh et al.
2003; Wu and Wang 2005). Such characteristics of an individual extend the understanding of the influence of organisational factors because they are related to the characteristics of SME ownermanagers and their staff, which are likely to vary across organisations and, have been observed to influence OSS adoption by the IT SMEs in this study.
The second area is in improving ease of use of the DTPB by simplifying the definitions of some problematic theoretical concepts, including the peer influences, the superior influences, the resource facilitating conditions and the technology facilitating conditions. Doing so would help to minimise the ambiguity of the meaning and use of such concepts, thereby improving the understanding of theoretical concepts and the theory as a whole. Furthermore, additional concepts may be developed to enable a deliberate exploration of the limitations of a specific innovation such as the relative disadvantage of its use over selected alternatives. Alternatively, the scope of the 'complexity' belief structure of the DTPB may be extended to cover issues related to the relative disadvantages of using a specific innovation over selected alternatives.
The third area is in extending the exploratory capability of the DTPB by the identification and implementation of crossover effects. Crossover effects are additional relationships between belief structures and belief components other than those which they are traditionally associated with (Taylor and Todd 1995a). Thus, crossover effects could be implemented in the DTPB to broaden the scope for explaining the influence of factors on the adoption of an innovation (Taylor and Todd 1995a). In the context of this research study, exploring and implementing crossover effects in the DTPB could broaden the scope for explaining the influence of factors and better understanding the adoption of OSS by IT SMEs. Furthermore, he implementation additional relationships is likely to enhance the nomological network of concepts in the DTPB, enhancing the validity of the theory as a whole.
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