Flywheel /Simulink

(1)

INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WIND AND SOLAR

POWER GRID CONNECTED USING MPPT AND FLYWHEEL /SIMULINK

CH UDAY KIRAN^1, MAHESH^2

1. Mr. CH Uday Kiran, MTECH (EPS), Padmasri Dr. B.V.RAJU Institute of Technology, Narsapure, Medak, Telangana,

2. Mr. K. Mahesh, Assistant Professor , Department of EEE,, Padmasri Dr.B.V.Raju Institute of technology Narsapure, Medal Dist, Telangana,India

Abstract—The integration of wind , solar power and

flying capacitor with DC micro grids. An aggregated model of renewable wind and solar power generation proposed to support the increases renewable energy sources. And equilibrium of the micro grid’s real-time supply and demand, implemented high-rise host building of an urban area

Keywords- Photovoltaic system, Wind system, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Rectifier, Inverter.

I. INTRODUCTION

Saving Earth’s energy has become an important issue in this century because energy famine will occur after a few decades. The interest in solar power has been rapidly growing due to its advantages that include

i. Direct electric power form;

ii. Little maintenance;

iii. No noise;

iv. No pollution

Since solar power uses the photovoltaic (PV) effect to transform solar energy into electrical energy, the PV panel is a nonlinear power source. The output power of a PVpanel array depends on the PV voltage

and unpredictable weather conditions In order tooptimize the ratio between output power and installation cost,dc/dc converters are used to draw maximum power from the PV panel array Renewable energy, such as solar energy, is desirable for power generation due to their unlimited existence and environmental friendly nature. The many different

(2)

dc/dc boost converter, “hill climbing” is perhaps the most widely used and is often implemented in a “perturb–observe” algorithm However, the searching process for the maximum power point can easily fail to converge if the radiation changes rapidly and frequently. Incremental conductance (IC) is another interesting method which has previously been verified. To improve convergence, a variable-step incremental conductance method was proposed. A similar algorithm is proposed in this study with direct duty ratio adjustment

WIND ENERGY:

Wind can be economically used for the generation of electrical energy. Heating and cooling of the atmosphere with generates convection current. Heating is caused by the absorption of solar energy on the earth surface and in the atmosphere. The rotation of the earth with respect to atmosphere and its motion around the sun. There are two primary physical principles by which energy can be extracted from the wind; these are through the creation of either lift or drag force (or through a combination of the two). The difference between drag and lift is illustrated by the difference between using a spinnaker sail, which fills like a parachute and pulls a sailing boat with the wind, and a Bermuda rig, the familiar triangular sail which deflects with wind and allows a sailing boat to travel across the wind or slightly into the wind. Drag forces provide the most obvious means of propulsion, these being the forces felt by a person (or object) exposed to the wind. Lift forces are the most efficient means of propulsion but being more

Wind Energy system

subtle than drag forces are not so well understood The difference between drag and lift is illustrated by the difference between using a spinnaker sail, which fills like a parachute and pulls a sailing boat with the wind.

OUTLINE OF DC MICROGRID

The difference between drag and lift is illustrated by the difference between using a spinnaker sail, which fills like a parachute and pulls a sailing boat with the wind, and a Bermuda rig, the familiar triangular sail which deflects with wind and allows a sailing boat to travel across the wind or slightly into the wind. Drag forces provide the most obvious means of propulsion, these being the forces felt by a person (or object) exposed to the wind. Lift forces are the most efficient means of propulsion but being more subtle than drag forces are not so well understood

PV SYSTEM

(3)

electrical power using photovoltaic cells compared to conventional coal-, gas-, and nuclear powered generators has kept PV power generation from being in widespread use. Less than 1% of electricity is generated by photovoltaic. However, there are a few applications in which PV power is economical ,These applications include satellites, developing countries that lack a power distribution infrastructure, and remote or rugged areas where running distribution lines are not practical. As the cost of photovoltaic systems drops, more applications become economically feasible. The non- polluting aspect of PV power can make it an attractive choice even when conventional generating systems are more economical. The manufacture of photovoltaic systems has increased steadily for the last 25 years. It is Inevitable those engineers will be called upon to develop photovoltaic technology or will be involved in projects using this technology. Many existing reports on photovoltaic cover only one facet of the technology and sometimes writers inflate their reports on behalf of the company involved. There is a need for an up-todate, objective understanding of photovoltaic power generation. With this goal in mind we have created this report Recent research has considered the optimization of the operation on one hand [11]–[13] and the usage of dc to link the resources on the other [14]–[16].

SUPER CAPACITOR

high-capacity electrochemical capacitor with

(4)

a combination of both instead Electrostatic double-layer capacitors use carbon electrodes or derivatives with much higher electrostatic double-layer capacitance than electrochemical pseudocapacitance, achieving separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductive electrode and anelectrolyte. The separation of charge is of the order of a few ångströms (0.3–0.8 nm), much smaller than in a conventional capacitor. Electrochemical pseudocapacitors use metal oxide or conducting polymer electrodes with a high amount of electrochemical pseudocapacitance.

Pseudocapacitance is achieved

by Faradaic electron charge-transfer with redox reactions, intercalation or electrosorption. Hybrid capacitors, such as the lithium-ion capacitor, use electrodes with differing characteristics: one exhibiting mostly electrostatic capacitance and the other mostly electrochemical capacitance.

BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE FOR

GRID STABILIZATION

Today’s and futures power grids are characterised by a high share of renewable energy sources. This leads to a massive fluctuating power injection, which needs to be balanced by battery energy storage. AEG PS has developed a new innovative Battery Energy Storage System for low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV), that provides grid stabilization and increased

power quality: Four-Quadrant Operation (Active and Reactive Power Control), Peak Shaving and Load Balancing, day to night shifting of renewable PV Energy, reliable PV Power Supply by rolling clouds and provide control power to participate in this market. The further advantage of the AEG PS' new battery energy storage is the ability to control harmonic emissions of power electronic equipment connected to the same busbar, by the use of active damping or active filtering functionality.

SIMULATION RESULTS

GRID CONNECTED OUT PUTS

(5)

Scope 2 Wind out put

Scope 3 PV CELL out put

Scope 4 3- Phase Grid

Scope5 Battery Characteristics

OPERATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF MICROGRID FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION

In the proposed system, the wind and solar energy will be used as distributed generation sources for the Microgrid. The power generated from this should smooth using the smoothing control unit which contains Super capacitor for reducing the power fluctuations.

This smoothed power after converting into required level should be given to the Battery energy storage system to meet the supply and demand of the loads. From the battery energy storage system, the power will be making available to the DC and AC consumers for use. In this way, it will increase the efficiency of the system with reduction in the various losses.

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

In the proposed system, the wind and solar energy will be used as distributed generation sources for the Microgrid. The power generated from this should smooth using the smoothing control unit which contains Supercapacitor for reducing the power fluctuations.

(6)

Expected output of the proposed system must have been more smoothed output with Low power fluctuation. Also, the efficiency will be increased and losses will be decreased. This will be obtained with smoothing control unit using MPPT& Fly wheel In future, the improvement in efficient wind and solar power integration along with the lengthening the battery life of battery energy storage system using flywheel is expected.

II. CONCLUSIONS :

The MPPT controller incorporating an RPM algorithm was developed in consistence with the previous design of the perturbation parameters. The proposed control algorithms based on a VSIC method. This is easy to implement in simple microcontrollers and is fast as compared to normal fixed-step IC and perturb and observe algorithms. The RPM was used to limit the output power of the PV generator if the generation exceeds the system rating due to reduced ambient temperature and high solar radiation. This mode can also be used when there is excessive energy to be stored in a stand-alone system. The proposed algorithm has been validated by simulation and laboratory experiment. It can be seen that the proposed algorithm can prevent oscillation and is able to quickly track the optimal operating point in severe transient conditions with changes of solar radiation and temperature

REFERENCES

[1] F. Giraud and Z. M. Salameh, “Steady-state performance of a grid- connected rooftop hybrid wind-photovoltaic power system with battery storage,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Mar. 2001.

[2] B. S. Borowy and Z. M. Salameh, “Methodology for optimally sizing the combination of a battery bank and PV array in a wind/PV hybrid system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 367–375, Mar. 1996.

[3] M. Cheng, S. Kato, H. Sumitani, and R. Shimada, “Flywheel-based AC cache power for stand-alone power systems,” IEEJ Trans. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 290–296, May 2013.

[4] H. Louie and K. Strunz, “Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for energy cache control in modular distributed hydrogen- electric energy systems,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 2361–2364, Jun. 2007.

[5] A. L. Dimeas and N. D. Hatziargyriou, “Operation of a multiagent system for microgrid control,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1447–1455, Aug. 2005.

[6] F. Katiraei and M. R. Iravani, “Power management strategies for a microgrid with multiple distributed generation units,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1821–1831, Nov. 2006.

[7] A. G. Madureira and J. A. Pecas Lopes, “Coordinated voltage support in distribution networks with distributed generation and microgrids,” IET Renew. Power Generat., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 439–454, Dec. 2009.

[8] M. H. Nehrir, C. Wang, K. Strunz, H. Aki, R. Ramakumar, J. Bing, et al., “A review of hybrid renewable/alternative energy systems for electric power generation: Conﬁgurations, control, and applications,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 392–403, Oct. 2011.

[9] R. Majumder, B. Chaudhuri, A. Ghosh, R. Majumder, G. Ledwich, and F. Zare, “Improvement of stability and load sharing in an autonomous microgrid using supplementary droop control loop,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 796–808, May 2010.

[10] D. Westermann, S. Nicolai, and P. Bretschneider, “Energy management for distribution networks with storage systems—A hierarchical approach,” in Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, Convers. Del. Electr. Energy 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Jul. 2008.

[11] A. Chaouachi, R. M. Kamel, R. Andoulsi, and K. Nagasaka, “Multi- objective intelligent energy management for a microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1688–1699, Apr. 2013.

(7)

horizon strategy,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 996–1006, Jun. 2013.

[13] R. Dai and M. Mesbahi, “Optimal power generation and load management for off-grid hybrid power systems with renewable sources via mixed-integer programming,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 73, pp. 234–244, Sep. 2013.

[14] H. Kakigano, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, “Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high quality distribution,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3066–3075, Dec. 2010. [17] D. Chen, L. Xu, and L. Yao, “DC voltage variation based autonomous control of DC microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 637–648, Apr. 2013.

[15] D. Chen, L. Xu, and L. Yao, “DC voltage variation based autonomous control of DC microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 637–648, Apr. 2013.