beam divergence
Beam divergence measurements of InGaN/GaN micro-array light-emitting diodes using confocal microscopy
... The micro-LEDs studied were 64x64 arrays of micro-disk elements, each 20-µm in diameter, within an overall active footprint of 3mm x 3mm, and were matrix- addressable via a contact grid. The wafer details and fabrication ...
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Waveguide Design Optimization for Long Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers with Low Threshold Current and Small Beam Divergence
... We have reported the design of long-wavelength GaSb- based quantum well lasers with a small beam divergence while maintaining a low threshold current density. A narrow vertical far-field as low as 35˚ can ...
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Effect of self-generated magnetic fields on fast-electron beam divergence in solid targets
... fast-electron beam and gives rise to a ‘global’ pinching effect, which acts to collimate the beam, as described theoretically by Bell and Kingham ...fast-electron beam divergence in a solid ...
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A Comparative Study on Beam Divergence Angle and Wave Length Between Semiconductor Laser and Helium-Neon Laser
... their beam divergence angle versus wave length and identifies, which laser types is highly directional, because according to the theoretical explanation the semiconductor laser is highly directional than ...
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Numerical study of neutron beam divergence in a beam-fusion scenario employing laser driven ions
... ion beam parameters on the neutron beam divergence, we car- ried out a set of simulations by varying the input spec- trum of the ions, as expected to be produced by TNSA mechanism at di ff erent ...
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Study on Laser Communication: Features, Application, Advantages
... narrow beam divergence, and a narrow field of view are characteristics of laser communication that offer a number of potential advantages for system ...narrow beam divergence of affords ...
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Simulative Analysis of WDM based RoFSO Network
... presents the variation of the average received power w.r.t.distance. It is seen that as the distance increases the received power is reduced. It is also found that as distance varied from 1 Km to 2 Km, receivedpower ...
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Enhanced proton beam collimation in the ultra-intense short pulse regime
... the beam divergence from the ...large divergence, despite a high number of particles accelerated per laser shot the achievable flux decreases rapidly away from the source, presenting a severe ...
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Ultrasonic Beam Propagation in Cast Stainless Steel
... A consequence is that the ultrasonic wave speeds vary with direction, which in turn leads to such phenomena as beam skewing and excess beam divergence.. The materials, anisotropic or not[r] ...
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Using paraxial approximation to describe the optical setup of a typical EARLINET lidar system
... light beam, since (a) it would soon be too wide for 1 or 2 inch optical elements, and (b) the transmission of interference filters is very sensitive to the in- cidence ...light beam) in between (Fig. 1b). ...
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Analyzing the Propagation Behavior of a Gaussian Laser Beam through Seawater and Comparing with Atmosphere
... Gaussian beam, which propagates through optical path in seawater, is ...initial beam divergence and optical path on propagation behavior are ...
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A simple but precise method for quantitative measurement of the quality of the laser focus in a scanning optical microscope
... the beam divergence, submicron beam waist, ellipticity and astigmatism of the postobjective radiation in a laser scanning microscope which is also compatible with objective lenses re- quiring a cover ...
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Accounting for the great divergence
... Great Divergence in terms of GDP per capita comparisons, this paper also offers an account of the Great Divergence, in the sense of ...Little Divergence within Europe, the term was first coined in ...
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Development and Population Divergence
... Heat maps and hierarchical clustering of genes whose expression significantly differs (pairwise comparisons, p < 0.01) within each developmental stage, among sensitive and resistan[r] ...
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Divergence in credit ratings
... the divergence of rating behavior between the bond and structured product markets: struc- tured product ratings becoming more lax, bond ratings becoming more con- ...
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On divergence and sums of derivations
... the divergence divD of the derivation D is a very important geometric characteristic of D (D can be considered as a vector field with coefficients in ...the divergence of a derivation does not change if we ...
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The European Monetary System : progress and prospects
... The Divergence Indicator As well as the parity grid with a central rate and intervention limits established in national currencies there is also a divergence indicator calculated in term[r] ...
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GENE GENEALOGY AND VARIANCE OF INTERPOPULATIONAL NUCLEOTIDE DIFFERENCES
... When this method of estimating divergence time is applied to closely related species or populations, however, some caution is necessary because the divergence time be[r] ...
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Sequence Diversity, Reproductive Isolation and Species Concepts in Saccharomyces
... sequence divergence acted upon by the mismatch repair system and not due to major gene differences or chromosomal ...Sequence divergence through mismatch repair has also been shown to cause partial ...
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On the Approximation of the Integral Mean Divergence and f-Divergence via Mean Results
... A plethora of divergence measures have been introduced in the literature in an effort to tackle an important issue of many applications of probability theory. Namely, that of an appropriate measure of difference ...
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