Mobile Cloud Computing (mcc)

Mobile Cloud Computing is the combination of mobile computing and cloud computing that includes hardware, software and communication for performing different operations like accessing information, storing data and running different applications on mobile devices. The focus of Mobile Cloud Computing is to provide accurate, real time and valuable information to the user or client. Due to large applications in internet, Mobile Cloud Computing has become a research topic of industrial and scientific research. The MCC application is becoming more popular day by day. The different MCC applications have been developed and served to mobile user like Gmail, Google Maps and navigation system for mobile voice search and android based applications. The main motive behind MCC is to deliver services, processing and software and increase storage, automating system, reduce cost and de- coupling different service delivery from underlying technology and give the flexibility and mobility for different purposes. It is simply the combination of cloud computing and web which is beneficial for mobile user to access services and application on internet.

Cloud computing emerges as highly popular technology today. If this technology combines with Wireless Technology and with the help of handheld electronic devices, we can access any information by one click away from over mobile device. Then these combine functionalities become Mobile Cloud Computing. In MCC, there are lots of security threats in a mobile device, wireless connection and transmission of signals and cloud infrastructure storage area have been explaining correctly. The solution is given on issues were related to ensuring privacy, authentication, security, trust, and so on, to data and applications that are offloaded to the cloud from mobile devices. Also, we discussed how mobile uses are uniquely authenticated with the cloud server and how trusted the third party perform proper encryption and decryption to avoid various security threats at various levels of Mobile Cloud Computing. By encrypting data before offloading over cloud storage or Server can avoid problems of security at the cloud server.

Over the past few years, advances in the field of network based computing and applications mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced as a potential technology for mobile services. It is the combination of mobile computing, cloud computing and wireless networks to bring high quality computational resources to network operators, mobile users, and cloud computing providers [1, 2]. MCC is a new platform for combining the mobile devices and cloud computing to create a new infrastructure. It refers an infrastructure where both the data storage and the data processing happen outside of the mobile device [3]. In this architecture, cloud performs the heavy lifting of computing-intensive tasks and store large amounts of data. The rapid emergence of mobile computing (MC) [4] becomes a powerful trend in the development of information technology. However, the mobile devices in mobile computing are facing many problems in their resources (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth) and communications (e.g., mobility and security) [5].

cloud computing resources are involving and uniting in another and the quick raising field of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). Notwithstanding support the request, mobile applications likewise require more resources to be prepared to improve the client encounter. The resources, for example, Google application Engine and Amazon EC2, are considered as an appropriate cloud stage in which MCC as new case for portable applications. In the content of MCC are isolated two methodologies, first is a basic approach and second is a cell phone approach. Straightforward approach suggests that the two information stockpiling and information preparing are actualized outside the cell phones. Then cloud resources are as of now used for handling and capacity reason. The advantage of this idea isn't obliged for MCC applications to certain sort of cell phones or working frameworks. Besides, there are no worries for the capacity limit and registering speed imperatives. In the meantime, cell phone approach suggests that the two information stockpiling and information preparing are performed through the cell phone. The fundamental reason is that every cell phone (advanced mobile phones, tablets, and so on.), right now are wiser and exceedingly proficient. The advantage of this approach is that it furnishes the client with a proprietorship to completely overhaul over store and keep up information on the client cell phone.

Offloading data and the execution of mobile’s application in Cloud Computing is known as MCC. MCC could be a solution to the various problems find by Mobile Computing and this is done by using resources of cloud rather than the mobile devices itself to execute the mobile applications. Such a infrastructure where data and the mobile applications executions or processing could happen outside of mobile devices i.e on the cloud known as “Mobile Cloud”. Many applications based on Mobile Cloud Computing, such as Maps and Navigation systems , google’s gmail for mobile, Voice Search, and some applications on LiveMesh from Microsoft an Android platform, and Motoblur from Motorola, have been developed and served to users[3].

Today, due to explosive growth with computer operation and mobile device technologies expending to a great extent, cloud computing has been shaping up as the future of web based communications over World Wide Web. Mobile platform are depending mostly on cloud computing in the days to come. As we aware that the mobile devices have limited storage capacity and mobile cloud computing (MCC) helps in storing and processing the large amount of data outside mobile devices. In the year 2013, it was found that there were 4 billion mobile phone users. By 2017, the number of mobile phone users is forecast to reach 4.77 billion. In 2016, an estimated 62.9% of the population worldwide already using a mobile phone and the mobile phone penetration is forecasted to continue to grow rounding up to 67% by the year 2019. India was predicted to have just one billion mobile connections in 2017. By 2019 India is expected to reach 1.1 billion mobile connections. Most of the mobile market growth can be attributed to the increasing popularity of smart phones. By 2014 around 38% of all mobile users having smart phones. By 2018, this number is expected to reach over 50%. The number of smart phone users worldwide is expected to grow by 1 billion during five years; it means the number of smart phone users in the world is expected to reach 2.7 billion by 2019. Samsung and Apple are leading vendors of smart phones owned by users. The number of mobile phone users in billion is graphically shown in a fig. 1.

Mobile cloud computing is defined as a rich mobile computing technology that controls integrated elastic resources of different clouds and network technologies toward unlimited functionality, mobility, and storage in order to serve a large number of mobile equipment anywhere and at anytime through the Ethernet channel or Internet in spite of heterogeneous environments and platforms on the basis of the pay-as-you-use principle [9]. MCC is an infrastructure where the data storage and the data processing are performed outside the mobile device but inside the cloud. In MCC, the computing power and data storage are moved away from mobile devices and performed in the cloud, bringing mobile cloud applications and mobile computing not only to Smartphone users but also to a wider range of mobile subscribers [10]. So, MCC is an infrastructure that combines the mobile computing and cloud computing domains where both data storage and data processing happen outside the mobile device. It is not always that offloading will be to a remote cloud, but it can be to a local cloudlet or to the collective resources of mobile devices in the local vicinity. The motivation behind MCC is simply to remove the existing drawbacks of mobile computing. There are several limitations of mobile computing discussed, which are as follows [11]:

Mobile devices (e.g., Smartphone and tablet PC) are increasingly becoming an essential part of human life as the most effective and convenient communication tools not bounded by time and place. Mobile users accumulate rich experience of various services from mobile applications (e.g., iPhone apps and Google apps), which run on the devices and/or on remote servers via wireless networks. The rapid progress of mobile computing (MC) becomes a powerful trend in the development of IT technology as well as commerce industry fields. However, the mobile devices are facing many challenges in their resources (e.g. battery life, storage, and bandwidth) and communications (e.g., mobility and security) The limited resources significantly impede the improvement of service qualities. Cloud computing (CC) has been widely recognized as the next generation computing infrastructure. CC offers some advantages by allowing users to use infrastructure (e.g., servers, networks, and storages), platforms (e.g., middleware services and operating systems), and softwares (e.g., application programs) provided by cloud providers (e.g., Google, Amazon, and Salesforce) at low cost. In addition, CC enables users to elastically utilize resources in an on-demand fashion. As a result, mobile applications can be rapidly provisioned and released with the minimal management efforts or service provider‟s interactions. With the explosion of mobile applications and the support of CC for a variety of services for mobile users, mobile cloud computing (MCC) is introduced as an integration of CC into the mobile environment. MCC brings new types of services and facilities mobile users to take full advantages of CC.

Cloud computing with resource constraint mobile devices, ubiquitous wireless infrastructure, mobile web, and location-based services provides a ground for a new computing paradigm called Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) [4]. The ultimate goal of the MCC is to enable execution of rich mobile applications on a plethora of mobile devices, with a rich user experience [5]. According to the consumer and enterprise market, cloud-based mobile applications are expected to rise to $9.5 billion by 2014. Due to increase in the number of users, there are numerous challenges existing in the field of MCC, including data replication, consistency, limited scalability, unreliability, unreliable availability of cloud resources, portability (due to the lack in cloud provider standard), trust, security and privacy. To attract more potential consumers, the cloud service provider has to target all the security issues to provide a completely secure environment [6]. Many commercial cloud storage services protect user’s data stored in server storages by introducing client-based or server-based data encryption.

Abstract -- Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirement. Normally cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. The advantages to mention but some of them include resilience, scalability, efficiency, flexibility and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative method for business model for organizations to adopt IT services without upfront investments. Despite the potential gains which are achieved from the cloud computing, the organizations around are too slow in accepting or adjusting to it because of the security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the crucial issues which hamper the growth of cloud. The idea of providing/handing important data to another company is worrisome; such that the consumers need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is the combination of mobile computing, wireless networks and cloud computing to bring rich computational resources to network operators, mobile users and even cloud computing providers. In this paper we discussed Cloud Computing, Mobile Cloud Computing, Security Risks and Solution of Cloud Computing, Research Issues in MCC, Security Issues and Solutions in MCC, Advantages of MCC.

Dejan et.Al. [4] addresses numerous mobile cloud procedures. Anassessment of numerous possibilities of Mobile Cloud Computingis given. Native and web applications are too extremes ofmobile applications. The price version of elastic mobile cloudprograms is described.Han Qi et. Al. [14] discuss Mobile cloud computing (MCC) asan improvement and extension of mobile computing (MC) andcloud computing (CC) which has inherited excessive mobility andscalability. The proposed device in the paper explains theprinciple of MCC, characteristics, recent research work, andfuture studies developments. Proposed machine analyzes the functionsand infrastructure of cell cloud computing and additionallyanalyzes the challenges of mobile cloud computing. AshwinWeiguang Song et. Al. [1] summarizes the middle ideas ofMobile Cloud Computing [MCC] through growing a basic ideaversion of Mobile Cloud Computing. Major problems confronted byMCC are discussed which include balance of wireless connectivity,tackling the needless battery utilization and so on. Also, few possibleanswers are suggested. Qureshi et. Al. [2] discusses about themobile cloud computing generation and proposes theimplementation methods for Mobile Cloud Computinganswers including General Purpose Mobile Cloud Computing(GPMCC) and Application Specific Mobile Cloud Computing(ASMCC). Certain limitations together with network availability andbandwidth are targeted. Two aspects of security issues includingmobile tool protection and cloud safety are addressed.

The growth of telecommunication technology in the medical field helped diagnosis and treatment become easier for various peoples. This can helps patients regularly monitor their health and have timely treatment as well. Also, it leads to increase accessibility to health-care providers, more and more efficient tasks and processes, company need a whole team of experts to installation, configuration, testing, and running, secured, and update them as well. When you are going to multiply this effort across hundreds or dozens of applications, it’s easy to realize why the giant companies with the best Information Technology departments aren’t getting the applications or services they necessity. Small scale and mid-sized businesses do not stand a chance. Mobile-Cloud-Computing, A better way: With MCC, you eradicate those worries because you aren’t managing h/w and s/w, that’s the responsibility of cloud vendors like sales force, amazon. The sharing basis infra- structure means it working like as service: You only pay for what you use, need, and updates are automatic and mounting up or down is easy.

To sum up, Mobile Cloud Computing is the integration of cloud computing with smartphone devices. It provides rich communication between cloud-mobile users and cloud providers regardless of heterogeneous environments. Many applications can be accessed using MCC as smartphone devices do not support those few applications due to lack of enough hardware, software and battery lifetime. Offloading is the method to migrate the complex modules of the application to the cloud. All the complicated computations are performed on the cloud and the results are sent back to the smartphone device. This makes the smartphone device users to access all those applications which require high computational power, large memory, battery lifetime and large network bandwidth. This paper presented the challenges with offloading such as latency rate which mainly depends on factors like code to be offloaded, distance between smartphone device and the remote server, and results of computations. Network bandwidth is another issue as the wireless networks are unable to provide the required bandwidth to all the users. Heterogeneous environments have negative impact on the process of offloading but its effect can be reduced by synchronizing mobile device and the cloud. Mobile devices and server must be compatible to offload the data and perform complex computations on the cloud. These issues ultimately affect the efficiency of the process.

) is the burgeon technology, with the combined concepts of mobile computing and cloud computing. With the concept of mobile cloud computing, applications and the computation of mobile phones are enriched and e and utilizes the resource in an efficacious manner. Resource provisioning is the important factor in cloud computing technology as it is service oriented computing. Resource provisioning means the source to the user that is the way of selection, development, deployment and dynamic management of software and hardware resources for ensuring guaranteed performance for applications. The efficient ing, the limitations of mobile devices are battery lifetime, processing power, and data storage is overcome by mobile cloud computing. In this survey, the focus is about the resource provisioning algorithms, its requirements in MCC. This paper, also discusses about how the researchers works in existing algorithms, and defining their ideas and challenges.

Mobile cloud computing could become the dominant model for mobile applications in the future. Firstly, immigrate task from terminal to loud be also a good way to achieve better results. Secondly, as we know the quality of communication in wired network is better than in wireless network, so reducing the proportion of data delivery in wireless environment is an effective way to improve the quality. Deploying an effective elastic application division mechanism is deemed to be the best solution to guarantee the application service in MCC; its complicated, but promising high impact results.

case, mobile devices have the limitations, for example, low computational power and quick depletion of power from their batteries. Loai et al in [41], have found the solution that the services of mobile cloud computing can be utilized to run specific assignments at the cloud and send the results to end user devices addition memory and then handles the power. This model of mobile computing is effective with the view of cloudlet scheme. This mobile cloud computing model reduces the expensive technologies such as Wi-Fi, 3G/4G, networks by communicating with the cloudlet directly rather than being in contact with venture cloud server. In addition to this model, a plan which involves the interaction of cloudlet with each other. This plan is certainly known as ace cloudlet administration plan. Colleges, institutions and healthcare centre widely make use of effective Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) where it necessary to store and access the large amount of information. The MCC model in which the results of non-cloudlet are outperformed is discussed in this model.

Mobile Cloud Computing is a significant technology which combines emerging domains such as mobile computing and cloud computing which has conducted to the development of one of the most IT industry challenging and innovative trend. This is still at the early stage of devel- opment but its main characteristics, advantages and range of services which are provided by an internet-based cluster system have a strong impact on the process of developing telemedicine solutions for overcoming the wide challenges the medical system is confronting with. Mobile Cloud integrates cloud computing into the mobile environment and has the advantage of over- coming obstacles related to performance (e.g. battery life, storage, and bandwidth), environ- ment (e.g. heterogeneity, scalability, availability) and security (e.g. reliability and privacy) which are commonly present at mobile computing level. In this paper, I will present a compre- hensive overview on mobile cloud computing including definitions, services and the use of this technology for developing telemedicine application.

4.2.3. Satyanarayanan et al.[12] present a new vision of mobile cloud computing. This approach where the mobile device offloads its workload to a local „cloudlet‟ comprised of several multi-core computers with connectivity to the remote cloud servers. PlugComputers8 can be considered good candidates for cloudlet servers because of their form factor, diversity and low power consumption. They have the same general architecture as a normal computer, but are less powerful, smaller, and less expensive, making them ideal for role small scale servers installed in the public infrastructure. These cloudlets would be situated in common areas such as coffee shops so that mobile devices can connect and function as a thin client to the cloudlet as opposed to a remote cloud server, which would present latency and bandwidth issues. Mobile cloud computing would also be based under the basic cloud computing concepts; there are certain requirements that need to be met in a cloud such as adaptability, scalability, availability and self-awareness.

Mobile cloud computing has been conceived as a new phrase since 2009 as a development and extension of cloud computing and mobile computing [2]. Versatility has turned into a famous word and quickly expanding part in the present figuring region. An unbelievable development has shown up in the advancement of cell phones, for example, cell phone, PDA, GPS Navigation and workstations with an assortment of portable registering, systems administration and security advancements. Moreover, with the advancement of remote innovation like WiMAX [2], Ad Hoc Network and WIFI, clients might surf the Web a lot less demanding yet not restricted by the links as previously. Hence, those cell phones have been acknowledged by more and more individuals as their first decision of working and stimulation in their day by day lives. Cloud computing is a registering style in which adaptable and adaptable IT functionalities are conveyed as support of outer clients utilizing Internet advancements. Cloud computing is certifiably not a progressive thought; instead, it is a transformative idea that coordinates different existing innovations to offer a valuable new IT provisioning device. Portable processing depends on an accumulation of three significant ideas: equipment, programming, and correspondence. The ideas of equipment can be considered as cell phones, for example, cell phone and PC, or their portable parts. Programming of versatile figuring is the various portable applications in the gadgets, for example, the portable program, hostile to infection programming and recreations. The correspondence issue incorporates the foundation of versatile systems, conventions and information conveyance in their utilization. They should be straightforward to end clients. There are many features of cloud computing:

Few papers have been reviewed on the basis of security related issues in mobile cloud computing environment. All of them have their respective merits and demerits. While [1, 4, 5 and 6] increase privacy as well as performance of the system, secure storage of data is guaranteed by [1 and 6]. [2] Ensures maximum system reward and reduce expenses too. [8] is more efficient in terms of energy consumption. The papers are tabulated below with detailed description, methodology used and result achieved.