[PDF] Top 20 Development of Terahertz Frequency Quantum Cascade Lasers for the Applications as Local Oscillators

... Here, we present the fabrication of THz frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting at 3.5 THz, as well as a new and robust integration scheme. The paper is organized as follows. In ... See full document

... Terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) have undergone steady development since their first demonstration in 2002 ...emission frequency has covered the range ... See full document

... Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact semiconductor sources of terahertz (THz) frequency radiation that are capable of emission powers of up to 1 W [1] and maximum operating ... See full document

... this frequency was calculated to be in the range 25 − 40 dB, and is higher than those reported from devices based on multiplicative Vernier selection, such as end- fi re coupled ...the frequency tuning in ... See full document

... (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have emerged as a compact semiconductor source of coherent THz radiation since their first demonstration in 2002, 1,2 and have promise for ... See full document

... Most of the mentioned applications require sources with a low divergent spatial profile in the far-field as well as a fine spectral control of the emitted radiation. However, the double-metal waveguides ... See full document

... rapid development has included implementation of novel waveguide schemes [3,7], continuous improvements in active region designs [2–10], and device realization in the mature GaAs/AlGaAs material system, with ... See full document

... unique applications in spectroscopy, sensing, communications and ...this frequency range, such as its non-ionising nature and its extreme sensitivity to tissue water content, THz imaging holds great ... See full document

... and frequency modulation of QCLs have been reported by using metamaterial SRR and EIT metallic arrays loaded with graphene used as optoelectronic mirrors in external cavity ...resonant frequency with ... See full document

... emission frequency of THz QCL devices greatly improves their applicability across a range of areas, particularly applications in spectroscopic analysis, including gas ...accessible frequency range of ... See full document

... Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact semiconductor sources of terahertz (THz) frequency radiation that are capable of emission powers of up to 1 W [1] and maximum operating ... See full document

... GHz frequency range, depending on the current ...same frequency range pro- vides a further confirmation that an avalanche generation process occurs in the depletion region and is the cause of the observed ... See full document

... THz frequency range, these normal modes consist of contributions from rigid body rotation, centre-of-mass motion, and also internal vibrational ...as frequency- domain approaches [15, ...such ... See full document

... imaging applications spanning the visible to THz regions of the spectrum, and in particular has been championed by Donati and coworkers [56,57]; see [58] for a comprehensive ...a frequency modulation is ... See full document

... tapered terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with metasurface waveguides that are designed to be spoof surface plasmon (SSP) out-couplers by introducing periodically ... See full document

... Abstract—Terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers offer a potentially vast number of new ...these lasers, a device-specific modeling method was developed that realistically ... See full document

... for terahertz (THz) frequency QCLs since the growth of suitably thick dielectric waveguides is ...in applications including local oscillators for astronomic instrumentation [7, 8] THz ... See full document

... the development of new applications—more so, con- sidering that laboratory investigation of such behavior can be prohibitively expensive and experimentally challenging due to the extraordinarily short ... See full document

... The NRWA approach allows us to avoid direct time-domain solving of (7), and it represents the main reason why a priori knowledge of the upper and the lower lasing state is not needed, contrary to other DM models [12], ... See full document

... A recent development is the coherent detection of THz QCLs. 4 This could be an important application for QCLs as the coherent detection allows one access to both the time- domain and frequency-domain ... See full document