[PDF] Top 20 Host-specific driving force in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo.

... regression versus time curves are not all the same in these three individuals infected with the same viral strain suggests that the selective pressure for V3 region amino acid change is host dependent. A similar ... See full document

... DNA heteroduplex mobility and tracking analyses were used to monitor the generation of HIV sequence diversity, to estimate quasispecies complexity, and to assess the turnover of genetic [r] ... See full document

... among human immunodefi- ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates are observed within in- fected individuals (12, 20, 23, 34, 35, ...the virus, including cell tropism, infectivity, ... See full document

... Evidence of selective escape in CD8 T-cell epitopes. The above data suggest that the majority of mutations arising dur- ing HIV-1 infection do not simply reflect random variation but rather arise in response to ... See full document

... We demonstrated the maintenance of detectable levels of drug-susceptible HIV-1 variants concurrently with the evolu- tion of resistant strains in 6 of 17 subjects. The high degree of RTV susceptibility of these ... See full document

... in vivo (central nervous system excluded) ...CD4 1 T-cell count ...CD4 1 T-cell numbers (36). Moreover, changes in the splicing pattern of HIV-1 RNA have been detected in patients following ... See full document

... HIV-1 PR is active within infected cells. Observations that transfection or microinjection (18) of protease causes loss of cell viability have led to the suggestion that HIV-1 PR might initiate death of ... See full document

... the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) p24 concentration in serum and other body fluids was used as a marker for virus replication in vivo (1, ... See full document

... of specific antiviral CTL has recently been demonstrated within single splenic white pulps ...in vivo (9, 21, ...choriomeningitis virus infection of mice vaccinated against only two dominant CTL ... See full document

... mutant virus only measures the level of inhibition exerted by a given antiviral drug relative to the same virus in the absence of drug, regardless of the extent that this virus is able to replicate ... See full document

... The predicted amino acid sequences of the V4 loop (not shown) were analyzed. All of the sequences from each subject were compared with the consensus sequence deduced from the first proviral sample. The two cysteine ... See full document

... 4502 Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 2019 by guest The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 overlapping rev and env coding sequences have been examined from sequ[r] ... See full document

... B virus and HIV epitopes defined in infected humans were also recognized by CTL found in virus-infected ...Gag-specific human CTL epitopes within the 20-amino-acid peptides that sensitized ... See full document

... Among our nef genes, the nucleotide sequences encoding the IR were relatively conserved data not shown and reflected the sequence variation previously described for cultured HIV-1 isolat[r] ... See full document

... including two nonprogressors (gc1 and gc2), six slow progres- sors (i1, i2, i3, i4, ib, and id), and eight AIDS patients (gmk1 through gmk8). The vif region DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced by direct sequencing, ... See full document

... cells were costained with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, Calif.) against CD4 and CD8 T-cell markers. Anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 MAbs were directly conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate and ... See full document

... 225 Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 2019 by guest The evolution of an 851-bp segment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 genome encoding the nef open rea[r] ... See full document

... (Fig. 1, lanes labeled C on the right sides of the gels). To assess the in vivo representation of variants that replicated in tissue culture, single-stranded HTA probes were generated from the proviral DNA ... See full document

... in vivo. These studies suggest that site-specific recombinases can potentially contribute to genetic targeting of HIV and may facilitate gene correction strategies in other human ... See full document

... by host CTL is a major factor in the diversification of SIV within an individual infected host, but it has been much more difficult to study the effect of CTL-driven selection in natural populations of the ... See full document