[PDF] Top 20 Viral RNA Mutations Are Region Specific and Increased by Ribavirin in a Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus Replication System

... error-prone replication, RNA viruses must also maintain highly conserved genomic ...variable viral elements is especially important in order for viruses to avoid “error ...catastrophe.” ... See full document

... variable region introduced into an infectious genome is viable in vivo ...of RNA replication and whether the full complement of the vari- able region is dispensable for RNA ... See full document

... yield virus particles (unpublished ...the RNA beyond the packaging ...of mutations that inactivate the assembly com- petence of the structural ...transient- replication assays with ... See full document

... infectious virus production and as this may be linked to phos- phorylation, we harvested supernatants of cells 48 h after the de- livery of our mutant RNAs and determined the titers of the amount of infectious ... See full document

... the viral replication cycle. The first in vitro system of significance was the HCV replicon ...(full length replicon), or nonstructural genes (subgenomic replicon) ...replicon ... See full document

... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4A is a single-pass transmembrane (TM) protein essential for viral replication and particle ...Several mutations predicted to cluster on a common ... See full document

... the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), leading to sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA recog- nized by the antisense strand of the siRNA ...interference RNA (siRNA) is a valuable tool to ... See full document

... most mutations conferring cell culture adap- tation, in particular the highly adaptive ones, have not been found in natural isolates of ...these mutations do not increase replication efficiency per ... See full document

... replication region. To map which stem-loops of the 5 ⬘ UTR are required for RNA repli- cation, we constructed a series of mutant replicons in which combinations of the stem-loops of the HCV 5 ⬘ UTR ... See full document

... hydrophobic region of NS4B is arranged as four TMDs, which span the ER mem- brane, and the N-terminal segment contains an amphipathic ␣ -helix (17, ...the C- terminal domain and predicted that it contains ... See full document

... its viral RNA substrate in ...drug-resistant virus clones were produced by use of the NS3 aptamer. The NS3 region of the HCV genome may be a hot spot for mutation not deleterious to HCV ... See full document

... that mutations of Ser29 or Ser42 to Ala, Asp, or Glu all led to decreased HCV RNA replication ...a specific secondary structure within the ⌬ 1 finger loop may undergo dynamic structural ... See full document

... of viral pathogens is important for understanding viral characteristics and for developing antiviral ...strategies. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases ... See full document

... house virus protein A (25, ...positive-strand RNA viruses occurs by interactions with other viral ...mouse hepatitis virus RdRp is not mem- brane associated per se, but is incorporated ... See full document

... These and other data suggest that i the primary HDV RNA transcripts of both genomic and antigenomic polarities must first be processed to serve as a template for HDV RNA transcription, i[r] ... See full document

... GBV-C RNA preparation and RT-PCR. A previously described GBV-C RNA- positive patient with a diagnosis of chronic liver disease was selected for this study ...or RNA. RNA was ... See full document

... HCV RNA were used for a binding ...5=UTR RNA, not the 3=UTR RNA, was coimmunoprecipitated by the anti-HMGB1 antibody ...other viral protein FIG 3 HMGB1 interacts with the positive strand of ... See full document

... among hepatitis delta virus (HDV) isolates have focused principally on phylogenetic analysis of sequences, which vary by 30 to 40% among three genotypes and about 10 to 15% among isolates of the same ...HDV ... See full document

... chimeric hepatitis E viruses with swapped HVRs are replication competent in ...and length, we sought to determine if the HVRs from different HEV genotypes possess similar biological functions by ... See full document

... Since these results suggested that encapsidation of positive-strand HAV RNA was more efficient than replication and translation, infected cell lysates were further examined by using sucr[r] ... See full document