complementary split ring resonator

Abstract—In this paper, complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based single feed rectangular microstrip antennas are designed for circular polarization. In the first antenna design, two CSRRs are loaded on ground, and for the second design, two CSRRs are loaded on patch with identical orientation of meta-resonators in both cases. CSRRs are used to diminish the resonance frequency of the antenna, and thus the antenna size miniaturization can be achieved. Overall dimensions of the two antennas are (50 × 50 × 1 . 6) mm 3 , and the impedance bandwidth for S 11 < − 10 dB exhibits between 2.3 and 2.4 GHz

Abstract—This paper presents a novel wideband bandpass filter making use of complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) as the basic resonant unit. The resonant characteristic of CSRR is carefully studied through full wave analysis. The coupling of CSRR structure is very strong that can be used to realize wideband filter with small insertion loss. A filter with center frequency at 3.5 GHz, passband from 3.1 GHz to 3.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good consistent with simulated results.

Abstract — Non - destructive thickness measurement offers a valuable feature for thin polymer - based applications in both industrial and medical utilization . Herein, we developed a novel, non - destructive, millimetre - wave WR - 10 waveguide sensor for measuring a dielectric film layer on a transparent substrate . Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) was integrated on top of a customized WR10 waveguide and operated at 96 GHz . The thickness of the SU - 8 layers, ranging from 3 -13 m, coated on a glass substrate was then examined using the resonant frequency shift . The thickness values obtained from this novel sensor strongly resemble the values obtained from standard surface profiler measurement method, with less than 5 % difference . Thus, our novel design offers a comparable accuracy with a better cost effectiveness when compare with an existing commercial instrument .

Abstract—In this research paper, a Ridge Substrate Integrated Waveguide (RSIW) multiple band bandpass filter embedded with an octagonal shape Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRRs) is proposed. The electrically coupled octagonal shape CSRR is placed interdigitally in RSIW using transverse coupling technique to improve multiple passband bandwidths. The filter exhibits a highly selective multiple electric or magnetic or bianisotropic mode for different frequencies. The analysis for spurious band suppression has been done by direct method. The prototype configuration of quarter- wavelength octagonal CSRR resonators introduces band suppression at all odd harmonics. The proposed structure of filter with dimension 1.36λ g × 0.52λ g excluding feed port is fabricated. Full wave structure

Abstract—A Compact Non-Bianisotropic Complementary Split Ring Resonator (NB-CSRR) based microstrip triple band antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna has a simple structure compared to other antennas for triple band operation. The antenna consists of a microstrip-fed NBCSRR loaded radiating element and partial ground plane. The designed antenna has a compact size of 29.4 mm × 26 mm × 1.6 mm. Two NBCSRR slots are etched on the radiating patch. Bottom NB- CSRR is used to generate new resonance, and top NB-CSRR is used to improve the return loss. The measured data show that the antenna covers the frequency ranges of 2.5 GHz–3.61 GHz, 4.06 GHz– 4.69 GHz, 4.80 GHz–6.07 GHz with impedance bandwidth of (< −10 dB) of 1.11 GHz, 0.63 GHz and 1.27 GHz. The results show that the antenna can cover WLAN and C band applications.

Abstract: A harmonics rejected microstrip narrowband band-stop resonator using complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) structure is presented in this paper. The proposed harmonics rejected band-stop resonators are first derived from the conventional one with lumped parallel LC resonators. Secondly this lumped resonator is converted as a distributed band-stop resonator. The harmonic rejection ability of this distributed band-stop resonator is improved by embedding CSRR in its ground plane. The proposed design has the advantage of harmonic rejection ability as well as simple to fabricate. Hence the proposed design can be used in harmonics free narrow band transceivers to avoid design complexity. To verify the performance of the proposed design, distributed band-stop resonators are realized using microstrip technology. The experimental results show that in comparison with conventional one which one is not having CSRRs, it has a wide stop-band with high attenuation in the second and third harmonic frequencies and acceptable band-stop frequency response in the fundamental frequency also. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. Hence, the proposed resonator will be an ideal candidate in future harmonics free narrowband communication systems.

Complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is one of the metamaterial structures, which has been applied for the design of circularly polarized antenna [6]. The bandgap characteristics of EBG structures have been used to improve the axial ratio bandwidth and impedance matching of antennas [7]. Meanwhile, with the development of wireless communication technologies, some multifunctional terminals with reconfigurable antennas are proposed to satisfy the requirements [8, 9]. Polarization reconfigurable antennas attract considerable attention and various types have been reported. In [10], four L-shaped slots are etched and eight PIN diodes are placed in the ground, but the antenna can be switched only between the right-handed and left-handed CPs. Two square loops are etched and two PIN diodes are placed in the antenna for switching between CP and LP in [11], and two DC bias circuits are needed to control two diodes separately.

Abstract—A square-shaped complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) filtering structure for isolation improvement is presented in this paper. The proposed research work investigates the design and development of a simple and compact CSRR structure. In order to verify the performance of the proposed filtering element and to improve the isolation among the closely placed antenna elements, arrays of configured CSRR structures are implemented between two antenna elements. An array of configured CSRR elements has been integrated with the printed antenna on the top and bottom layers. The proposed filtering elements offer an enhancement in isolation by 25 dB as compared to the simple array. The entire configuration has been simulated using the Ansoft HFSS simulator. Finally, the proposed design is fabricated and experimentally validated. In the experiment, coupling suppression of − 51 dB at the operating frequency is successfully achieved, resulting in a recovery of the array pattern. The proposed antenna is highly efficient, which is suitable to be utilized for 5G communication.

This paper presents a compact patch antenna loaded with a square complementary split ring resonator which is intended to operate in the C-band applications. The CSRR embedded in the patch antenna helps in reducing the resonance frequency of the microstrip patch antenna. It couples the field to the patch and makes it radiate. It can be stated that the ring slot in the CSRR provides the capacitive coupling where as the outer split in the CSRR provides the magnetic coupling [8]. A C band operation can be obtained by properly feeding the antenna with coaxial feed.

The second process is a design of bowtie patch antenna with a new structure of complementary split ring resonator at 2.4 GHz for wireless LAN application. The designing and calculation processes are referring to the literature reviews that have been done in previous process. Then, the design was simulated with CST Microwave Studio to get the return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern and the gain of the patch antenna. The normal bow-tie antenna is designed first then followed by a bow-tie patch antenna with complementary split ring resonator.

Figure 1 shows the unit cell of the proposed antenna structure. It consists of a square patch of dimension W , a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) with outer dimension W c and a short circuit post (via) of radius r 0 which are located at the center.

Abstract—A novel microstrip coupled-line directional coupler is proposed in this paper. It is based on the introduction of a complementary split ring resonator and dumbbell-like defected ground structure on the coupled lines to strongly enhance the designed backward coupling. The designed frequency band is from 1.2 to 1.5 GHz. The coupler is fabricated and tested. The insertion loss is less than 3.5 dB. The simulated and measured return losses are better than − 13 . 5 dB, and the isolation is higher than 20 dB across the operating band. The overall size of the coupler is 80 mm × 70 mm, which is about 0.36 λ × 0 . 32 λ at the central frequency 1.35 GHz.

DOI: 10.4236/ojapr.2019.71001 3 Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation [18]-[23]. The analysis of split ring resonator (SRR) and CSRR and their elec- tromagnetic properties are discussed in [24]. In this analysis, SRRs and CSRRs behave as an equivalent LC resonator is excited by an external magnetic flux and electric flux respectively. Figure 1 shows the intrinsic equivalent circuit model of the CSRR. It is represented as dual of the SRR model. This equivalent circuit consists of a capacitance C c of a disk of radius r c o − 2 surrounded by a

Abstract—This paper proposes miniature radio frequency identifica- tion (RFID) tag antenna designed to operate on metallic objects, in the UHF frequency range (915 MHz), without significantly degrading its read range. The antenna structure is composed of two parts: Part 1 comprises two square patches electrically connected to the ground plane through vias while Part 2 is an unconnected inter-layer con- sisting of two square complementary split ring resonators to allow for capacitive reactance increase. Consequently, its self-resonant frequency will shift towards low frequency, which theoretically allows shrinking RFID tag antenna into smaller size. The antenna was simulated and measured to verify its conjugate matching with chip impedance. The results of experimental tests show that the proposed RFID tag offers a maximum read range of 0.82 m when placed on a metallic object. The tag’s overall size is 36.7 × 18.1 × 3.165 mm 3 . Both simulation and

Abstract— In this paper, we are dealing with a planar structure-based metamaterial inspired microstrip patch antenna using complementary split ring resonator [CSRR]. This microstrip patch antenna works in C band which can be resonated at operating frequencies ranging from 4.8 GHz to 5.2 GHz, where it works in wireless local area network [WLAN] and IOT applications such as WIFI and WIMAX etc., In this antenna, the material used for the substrate is FR4 epoxy. This microstrip patch antenna is designed and analyzed then simulated using high frequency structure simulator [HFSS] software in the version 13.0

Novel band-pass substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters based on broadside-coupled complementary split ring resonator (BC-CSRR) and modified BC-CSRR resonator pairs have been described. The centre frequency of the proposed filters is located below the cutoff frequency of the waveguide. Four SIW-BC-CSRR resonator structures have been introduced and compared by changing the orientation of the rings on the upper broadwall. Based on these resonators, bandpass filters have been designed and fabricated. It is shown that these filters are compact and easy to fabricate and integrate with other electric circuits and they have great potential for low-cost integrated microwave circuits. The type IV unit cell provides two poles and two zeroes, one above and one below the centre frequency, and this gives considerable advantage for the design of a miniature filter with high performance.

Abstract—In this paper, on the basis of proposing a novel complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) using Koch fractal curve, a bandpass filter based on such a new structure is designed To validate the designing method. Transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics of the presented filter are given by both software simulation and experiment measurement. Consistent results have confirmed the design concept and excellent performance of the new structure and indicated that the proposed filter has a low insertion loss a high selectivity and small size.

The possibility to obtain media with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity (also called left-handed metamaterials (LHMs)) was firstly hypothesized by Veselago in the late 60s [1]. The first experimental evidence of such a medium was demonstrated [2], which consisted of a bulky combination of metal wires and Split Ring Resonators (SRRs). The electromagnetic properties of the SRR [3, 4] show that by virtue of the distributed capacitance between concentric rings and overall ring inductance, SRR behaves as an LC resonant tank that can be excited by an external magnetic flux. Thereafter, another key particle has been proposed for metamaterial design [5], namely, the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), which is the negative image of an SRR. The authors have demonstrated that CSRRs etched in the ground plane of planar transmission media provide a negative effective permittivity to the structure. Since SRRs and CSRRs are both planar configurations, SRRs and CSRRs (properly combined with shunt metallic wires or series gaps) have been successfully applied to the design of novel planar microwave circuit and devices [6–11] based on the equivalent circuit model [5].

Lately, complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) have been use in resonant sensor to characterize the dielectric constant of the material under test [6]. There are many advantages such as the low cost manufacturing, convenience, presence non- invasive and easy to prepare. Conversely, permittivity part are not consider by previous paper in term of the effect of air gap between the test specimen and the planar structure. However, the CSRR rectangular design have been use by researcher to measuring the dielectric properties of materials.

In recent years, metamaterial inspired antennas are becoming popular due to the proven extraordinary electromagnetic properties. Planar metamaterial inspired antennas are designed by using metamaterial inspired structures such as SRR and CSRR [1]. Metamaterial is an artificial structure synthesized to display amazing properties not yet found in natural material [2]. Due to the unusual electromagnetic property, many researches have been done for the performance improvement of the antenna. SRR is basically a μ-negative metamaterial structure. The Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) is complementary dual element of SRR. CSRR is a ε-negative metamaterial. SRR and CSRR are resonant structures. The Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial is constructed by combining μ-negative metamaterial and ε-negative metamaterial. The equivalent circuit of SRR was useful to find the metamaterial characteristics [3].