Lower and Middle Atmosphere
Waves in the middle atmosphere
... to westward winds occurs at the higher heights, and may be associated with the weak winds found at the mesopause and in the lower thermosphere in spring... At 85 km this change.[r] ...
372
Satellite observations of middle atmosphere–thermosphere vertical coupling by gravity waves
... The lower limit of the response function for GOCE and CHAMP is similar to the lower limit of SABER horizontal wavelength spectrum, but the upper limit of this response function is only about 650 ...
20
Simulation of the ENSO influence on the extra tropical middle atmosphere
... Global distributions of precipitation rates under La Niña and El Niño conditions differ substantially (Salby 2012). Latent heat release can influence SPWs at strato- spheric heights in two ways: explicitly through their ...
9
Simulations of superrotation using a GCM for Venus’ middle atmosphere
... the lower boundary conditions in the VT- ...the middle and upper atmo- ...the middle atmosphere is connected with that of the lower ...the lower atmosphere. However, since ...
9
Impact of gravity wave drag on the thermospheric circulation: implementation of a nonlinear gravity wave parameterization in a whole atmosphere model
... the lower atmosphere into the thermosphere and demonstrated sig- nificant GW effects on the thermospheric circulation ...Coupled Middle Atmo- sphere Thermosphere-2 (CMAT2) general circulation model ...
15
Why CO 2cools the middle atmosphere – a consolidating model perspective
... a compensation of different effects. After removing the ab- sorption of solar radiation, more short-wave radiation propa- gates downwards through the atmosphere. A part of the pre- viously absorbed radiation is ...
19
The dynamical parameters of turbulence theory as they apply to middle atmosphere studies
... (B.4), and in this case we take i = j i.e. both velocity com- ponents aligned in the direction parallel to the direction of traverse (in this case the direction of traverse of the radar beam) through the patch of ...
17
The CPW-TEC project: Planetary waves in the middle atmosphere and ionosphere
... There already exist some ideas about how PW may pene- trate into the ionosphere. Pancheva et al. (2002) suggested a modulation of upward propagating tides through PW, or PW associated neutral wind variations inducing ...
5
Longitudinal structure of stationary planetary waves in the middle atmosphere – extraordinary years
... the middle atmosphere meridional circulation is its longitudi- nal ...the middle stratosphere (lower boundary ∼ 50 hPa), upper stratosphere and most of the mesosphere (almost up to about ...
12
A new coupled middle atmosphere and thermosphere general circulation model: Studies of dynamic, energetic and photochemical coupling in the middle and upper atmosphere
... reference atmosphere project (^médias et aL [1998]), which is a combined average of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data from April 1992 to March ...the lower ...
294
Energetic particle precipitation into the middle atmosphere triggered by a coronal mass ejection
... penetrate lower into the atmosphere than the proton precipitation, then variations in radio propagation conditions will be dominated by the electron ...
12
Simulation of planetary waves and their influence on the zonally averaged circulation in the middle atmosphere
... The model of the global structure of SPW (Pogoreltsev and Sukhanova, 1993) was modified to simulate the spectral atmospheric response to the symmetric and asymmetric forc- ing by the perturbation of the vertical velocity ...
12
Validation of the radiation pattern of the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY)
... (1974, 1981) and (1982) for a frequency of 408 MHz, which is still used as an all sky reference nowadays. On even higher frequencies e.g. Reich et al. (1997) undertook detailed stud- ies of cosmic noise emissions at ...
9
Effect of latitudinally displaced gravity wave forcing in the lower stratosphere on the polar vortex stability
... the middle at- mosphere ...the middle atmo- sphere circulation (Šácha et ...the middle atmosphere at different latitudinal ...towards lower and higher latitudes in 5 ◦ ...the ...
17
The influence of photochemistry on gravity waves in the middle atmosphere
... and lower thermo- sphere considering the coupling between the photochemistry and the dynamics and use the latest knowledge about photo- chemical reactions and the associated heating to investigate the influence of ...
7
MIPAS observations of ozone in the middle atmosphere
... GOMOS was a stellar occultation spectrometer on board the ESA’s Envisat space platform (Bertaux et al., 2010). It op- erated from August 2002 to April 2012. Ozone density pro- files are derived from GOMOS UV–visible ...
26
Behaviour and cognition in the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic: introduction
... British Lower and Middle Palaeolithic, despite the climatic fluctuations of the period, the development of Neanderthal physiognomy and the accompanying development of flake- and core-based lithic ...
5
Fighting corruption when existing corruption control levels count : what do wealth effects tell us?
... Why are some nations more effective at battling corruption than others? Are there different determinants in the fight against corruption across developing nations? How do wealth effects play-out when existing ...
28
Gravity wave spectra morphology in the Arctic and non-Arctic lower atmosphere
... the atmosphere (density, pressure, velocity, and temperature) with typical horizontal wavelengths of a few to hundreds of kilometres, vertical wavelengths of approximately , and periods of five minutes to many ...
137
Bombs and flares at the surface and lower atmosphere of the Sun
... temperatures. Not covered in this study is the possibility that reconnection, even at low heights in the atmosphere, produces non-thermal electrons in suf fi cient quantities to perturb emission. Ding et al. ( 1998 ...
12