[PDF] Top 20 Graphs and Spatial Relations in the Generation of Referring Expressions

... different spatial relations relative to one another (see Figure ...the spatial relation between the target referent and the closest landmark ...analyses. Spatial relations were used in ... See full document

... A few proposals have started to combine GRE with KR. Following on from work based on la- belled directed graphs (cf. (Krahmer et al., 2003)) – a well-understood mathematical formalism that offers no reasoning ... See full document

... Besides looking for graph-based optimizations and performing experiments with stochastic cost functions, there are three other lines for future research we would like to mention. The first concerns the construction of ... See full document

... the relations left of and right ...tial relations and makes not claims as to the se- mantic relationships between the semantics of the spatial ... See full document

... The agreement between scores and the human evaluation was 45.8%. The score did not predict SOG representations that would generate better ex- pressions very well. Further research is required to conclusively rule out the ... See full document

... Para cada objeto-alvo r citado no corpus, foi computada uma lista de n objetos que seriam candidatos a pontos de referência em uma possı́vel descrição de r naquele contexto, utilizand[r] ... See full document

... Referring expressions (REs) are expressions in- tended by speakers to identify entities to ...Descriptive expressions (such as “the blue glass on the table”) exploit at- tributes of entities ... See full document

... from generation in a very restricted domain to re- generation in an open ...non-hierarchical relations of synonymy and antonymy (unlike nouns that are related through hierarchical links such as ... See full document

... To avoid this sort of mishap, most REG algorithms to date (including one of the most influential works in the field, the Incremental algorithm in [2]) attempt to avoid the inclusion of any information not strictly ... See full document

... language generation ( NLG ) literature is the generation of re- ferring ...of referring expressions have been investigated by the research in this field, including, for example, the ... See full document

... a referring expression (RE) is an expression that unequivocally identifies the intended target to the interlocutor, from a set of possible ...The generation of referring expressions (GRE) is a ... See full document

... object relations and referent’s distinctiveness feature, we consider as scope of comparison (near the referent, in the refer- ent’s room or in the whole virtual world) the one that yields best results in ... See full document

... all referring expressions, coreferential relations, and referring expression constituents, and tagged each constituent as hav- ing a descriptive or distinctive ...automatic generation ... See full document

... of referring expressions ...to spatial regions and time periods ...of referring and then examine the borderline cases in light of similarities and differences from the paradigms” (Searle 1969, ... See full document

... of spatial concepts occurs in an unpremeditated way, that is, their application occurs spontaneously by ...mental spatial representations, which are cognitive representations of knowledge acquired about the ... See full document

... of referring in installments, in that it can generate multiple REs that are designed to correct misunderstandings of earlier REs to the same ob- ...RE generation sub-strategies for each ... See full document

... Given an effect, the plan constructor finds a plan derivation that has a minimal n u m b e r of primitive actions, that is valid with respect to the planning agent's beliefs, and whose r[r] ... See full document

... The task of the users in the GIVE world is to pick up a trophy from a safe that can be opened by pushing a sequence of buttons. Some floor tiles are alarmed, and players lose the game if they step on these tiles without ... See full document

... The most notable features of the approach taken here are as follows: a the use of a sophisticated underlying ontology, to permit the representation of non-singular entities; b the use of[r] ... See full document

... A prominent strand of work in formal seman- tics investigates the ways in which human lan- guages quantify over the elements of a set, as when we say “All A are B”, “All except two A are B”, “Only a few of the A are B” ... See full document