[PDF] Top 20 Evolution of Hypervariable Region 1 of Hepatitis C Virus in Primary Infection

... The hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1) of the putative envelope encoding E2 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was analyzed in sequential samples from three patients ... See full document

... fetal infection; this assumption is supported by quasispecies analysis of the core E1 region in a previous study, where nucleotide variability was considerably greater at the time of birth than 6 months ... See full document

... RNA extraction, PCR, cloning, and sequencing. Total RNA was extracted from patient sera by the single-step guanidinium method (3, 52). The HVR1 was amplified by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR and cloned as described ... See full document

... the virus exposes conserved envelope re- gions in vitro and in vivo, because HVR1 deletion greatly in- creased susceptibility to neutralization with chronic-phase HCV serum ...HVR1 evolution has been linked ... See full document

... Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver ...a hypervariable region (HVR1) located at the N terminus of the second envelope glycoprotein ... See full document

... acute infection, each individual develops a quasispe- cies, or swarm of highly related viral ...of infection did not reveal a common pattern of increasing diversity within each sample, though later ... See full document

... Sustained hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA clearance is achieved in 8 to 12% of patients with chronic HCV infection treated with alpha interferon (IFN- ␣ ) at the approved dose of 3 MU three times ... See full document

... HCV infection without any de- tectable humoral immune response is associated with the com- plete absence of hypervariability of HVR1 epitopes for more than 6 ...upon primary infection, as has been ... See full document

... while 1-year follow-ups of chimpanzees infected with HCV molecular clones have demonstrated lower substitution rates in E2 (24; ...on Hepatitis C Virus and Related Viruses: Molecular Virology ... See full document

... Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem that leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular ...the virus. HCV is a positive sense single stranded RNA virus and ... See full document

... be more frequent than synonymous substitutions in respond- ers, suggesting that the anti-HCV immune response is involved in HCV clearance during IFN-␣ treatment (34). These con- flicting results suggest that it is not ... See full document

... high virus titers in tissue culture (40), and compared RNA replica- tion, virus production, and infectivity of released particles be- tween Jc1 and a Jc1 mutant lacking HVR1, ...reporter virus ... See full document

... Over 15 million nucleotides were sequenced (Table 3). After demultiplexing, the median (IQR) of assigned reads was 2540 (2488) per patient sample - 2540 (1790) in re- sponders and 1230 (2816) in non-responders. Following ... See full document

... Role of HCV specific CD8 ⴙ T-cell responses in driving viral evolution. In HIV and SIV 53% to 60% of amino acid muta- tions outside envelope appear to be driven by CD8 ⫹ T-cell responses (1, 39). Evidence ... See full document

... (2). Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the genome is highly variable among and within patients and can be used to identify individual HCV isolates, which is of particular interest for epidemiological ... See full document

... Most frequent amino acids in HVR1 were glycine (G). threonine (T), serine (S) and alanine (A) (Figure 1). These amino acids are small in size and flexible amino acids that can attain any conformation and their ... See full document

... Chronic hepatitis C was diagnosed by detec- tion of anti-HCV antibodies (HCV EIA ...(HCV-LPs, 1 µ g/assay) (25, 26) recom- binant core (50 ng/assay; ... See full document

... able region 1 (HVR1) deletion mutant (with G384 to N411 deleted; strain H77) have been described previously (3, 4) and were used to construct point mutations within HVR1 (G389L, L399R, G406L, and G406R) and ... See full document

... We have investigated the immune response against HVR1 in a viremic HCV-infected patient over a period of 18 months. The follow-up of this patient showed that anti-HVR1 specific antibodies coexist in the bloodstream and ... See full document

... Surface plasmon resonance. All experiments were performed by us- ing a Biacore 2000 unit (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United Kingdom). Protein ligands were buffer exchanged into 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.2) prior to ... See full document