[PDF] Top 20 Large-scale temperature response to external forcing in simulations and reconstructions of the last millennium

... the last decades of the millennium are above those of any reconstruction since the ...the last millennium (Tingley and Li, 2012; Moberg, 2012; Chris- tiansen, 2012; Christiansen and ... See full document

... Estimated external radiative forcings, model re- sults, and proxy-based climate reconstructions have been used over the past several decades to improve our under- standing of the mechanisms underlying ... See full document

... Two simulations were performed with this model con- figuration, both driven by the same reconstructions of sev- eral external forcings, which are depicted in the first two panels of ...short-wave ... See full document

... of external forcing (LMH runs) greatly strength- ens the multidecadal power of the variability; the increase is more moderate for BCC (see earlier ...the reconstructions, the spectra have steep ... See full document

... of simulations analyzed here are very different. While temperature variability in the control run arises from inter- nal variability alone, variability in the historical and decadal prediction runs is a ... See full document

... field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated with atmospheric circulation changes, ... See full document

... transient simulations of up to the last millennium using the low-resolution Community Cli- mate System Model version ...transient simulations the AMOC exhibits enhanced low-frequency ... See full document

... the temperature can be ex- pected to respond to large-scale external forcings (such as so- lar or greenhouse gases), whereas at local or regional scales the internal climate dynamics can ... See full document

... that large-scale TR composite reconstructions are generally poor at representing mean hemisphere-scale inter-annual variability, mainly because of the relatively small numbers of TR proxy ... See full document

... synthetic temperature profiles using a one-dimensional conductive model driven by simulated GST as an upper boundary condition from the CMIP5/PMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 / Paleoclimate ... See full document

... and large (continental and basin) vari- ability is composed mostly of forced signal and the faster (centennial and shorter) and smaller variability is mostly as- sociated with internal variability of ...of ... See full document

... “millennium” simulations of two coupled atmosphere– ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) from PMIP3 and CMIP5 projects are analysed: ECHAM5/MPIOM (five ensemble members) from Max Planck Institute for ... See full document

... summer temperature averaged over the whole Europe is represented in ...solar forcing (correlation of 0.24 be- tween solar forcing and the temperature reconstruction and of ...solar ... See full document

... regional scale, KK10 has significantly more pre-Colombian land clearance in the Americas, partly due to higher popu- lation estimates, although all land use reconstructions use population estimates that are ... See full document

... in simulations of this ...mean temperature changes in the model simulations will closely follow the smoothed forcing fields, though with amplitudes and lags that will vary depending on rates ... See full document

... and reconstructions for the hemispheric ...European temperature recon- structions by Luterbacher et ...ature reconstructions by Neukom et ...the last 500 yr and, therefore, may benefit from a ... See full document

... For both models the period of analysis is limited to the pe- riod between 1 May and 24 July of 1997 after each model simulation had been spun up (1 January 1996 to 30 April 1997 for CanAM4.3 and 1 January 1997 to 30 ... See full document

... Such simulations can also offer valuable guidance to target future studies by enabling experiments to be carried out in silico (on a computer) that would be expensive, time consuming or otherwise infeasible to ... See full document

... formulas given as Java strings. As expected we are con- fronted with longer runtimes up to almost 4h for double gene knockouts compared to < 70 min for double reac- tion knockouts. This is due to the fact that we need ... See full document

... surface temperature in the Atlantic region is a result of the extensive sea-ice ...surface temperature and helps sustain and build the western part of the Eurasian Ice Sheet over the warm season (note that ... See full document